兰州市大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属污染健康风险评价  

Health Risk Assessment of Metals and Metalloids in PM_(2.5) of Lanzhou

作　　者：陈瑞[1] 李拥军[1] 蔡美[1] 康芬艳[1] CHEN Rui LI Yongjun CAI Mei KANG Fenyan

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2017年第3期223-227,232,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：甘肃省卫生行业科研计划项目(GSWSKY-2015-39)

摘　　要：目的了解2015年兰州市(LZ)大气PM_(2.5)中被测元素污染对人群健康的影响。方法 2015年每月10月—16日同时在LZ城关区、西固区进行大气采样,共采集样品168份,分析PM_(2.5)及Sb,Al,As,Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb,Hg,Mn和Se10种元素的污染特征,采用美国环境保护局健康风险评估模型对呼吸暴露健康风险进行评价。结果 LZ城关区、西固区大气PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度分别为0.088 mg/m^3、0.075 mg/m^3,是《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级标准限值的2.6倍和2倍。城关区、西固区元素浓度由高到低分别为Al>Pb>Mn>As>Cd>Sb>Ni>Cr>Se>Hg,Al>Pb>Mn>As>Sb>Cr>Ni>Cd>Se>Hg,两区As和Cr的浓度均超过限值。10种金属元素通过呼吸途径对暴露人群的年均超额危险度为3.45×10-12~2.81×10-7,低于人群可接受的危险度水平(10^(-6))。其中城关区监测点10种元素的超额危险度大小由高到低依次为As>Cr>Cd>Al>Ni>Mn>Pb>Hg>Sb>Se,西固区则为Cr>As>Cd>Al>Ni>Pb>Mn>Sb>Hg>Se,人群健康受影响程度成年男性>成年女性>儿童。结论两个监测点空气中的Cr和As对人群健康的危险度相对较大,且各元素对成年男性健康影响最大。Objective To explore the air pollution of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 of Lanzhou and their health impact. Methods A total of 168 air samples were collected in Chengguan and Xigu Districts of Lanzhou in 2015. The inhalation exposure and risk assessments of Sb, A1, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Se, Hg, Mn and Ni in ambient PM2.swere carried out by the Heath Risk Assessment Model of US EPA. Results The annual average concentra- tions of PM2.5 in Chengguan and Xigu Districts were O. 088 mg/m3 and 0. 075 mg/m3 respectively, which were 2.6 and 2 times higher than the limit for grade two standard, ruled in the Ambient Air Quality Standards（ GB 3095 - 2012）. The concentrations of ten metals and metalloids in PM2.swere in sequence, A1 〉 Pb 〉 Mn 〉 As 〉 Cd 〉 Sb 〉 Ni 〉 Cr 〉 Se 〉 Hg in Chengguan District and AI 〉 Pb 〉 Mn 〉 As 〉 Sb 〉 Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cd 〉 Se 〉 Hg in Xigu District. The concentrations of As and Cr were higher than the standard limits. The respiratory pathway exposures of such el- ements assessed by annual excess risk were 3.45 ~ 10 -12 - 2. 81 × 10-7, which were below the acceptable risk lev- el of population （ 10 -6）. The excess risks of 10 elements in Chengguan District were in sequence, As 〉 Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Al〉Ni〉Mn 〉Pb〉Hg〉Sb〉Se, and in Xigu District were Cr〉As〉Cd 〉AI〉Ni〉Pb〉Mn〉Sb〉Hg〉Se. The health risks of population were in the orders, adult males 〉 adult females 〉 children. Conclusion Cr and As in ambient air at two monitoring sites showed the most dangerous elements to human health, especially for adult male.

关 键 词：污染元素 大气PM2.5 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X823[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]