权力转移、战略依赖与联盟转型——以冷战后美日联盟转型为例  

Power Transition,Strategic Dependence and Alliance Transition:The Case of the U.S.-Japan Alliance in the Post World War Ⅱ Period

作　　者：袁伟华[1] 田光强[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学马克思主义学院/文化战略与社会发展研究中心 [2]中国社会科学院亚太与全球战略研究院

出　　处：《当代亚太》2017年第3期4-33,共30页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

基　　金：韩召颖教授主持的国家社科基金重大项目"中国构建新型大国关系的实践探索"(项目编号:13&ZD049)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：联盟是一国通过外部方式增加权力,服务于自身战略目标的重要手段之一。主导国建构联盟体系旨在维持其主导地位。由于国际关系中的权力格局始终处于变动之中,当主导国战略目标不变,相对权力变化有利于主导国时,其对于盟友的战略依赖下降。此时,主导国推动联盟转型以强化对于盟友的控制,盟友的自主性更受制约,主导国或者是将盟友地位矮化、联盟功能简化,甚至解散联盟。当相对权力变化不利于主导国时,联盟对于主导国的价值提升,主导国对于盟友的战略依赖加深。此时,主导国更可能提升盟友地位、强化联盟承诺、扩大联盟的职能。冷战结束之后,美日联盟经历了可能瓦解的危机。文章以冷战后美日联盟转型为例,探讨了美日联盟经历的三次大的转型。在当前的美日联盟中,解禁集体自卫权是美国给予日本一定自主权的重要标志,联盟的安全与防卫合作在空间上扩大至全球范围,在时间上覆盖了和平与战时的全过程。但是,美日联盟转型弱化了美国对于日本的控制,增加了美国卷入地区冲突的风险。An alliance represents a critical means whereby which a state,in consideration of its own strategic objectives,increases its power externally.As the status quo with respect to the balance of power in international relations is always changing,as long as the dominant state’s strategic objectives do not change,when shifts in relative power favor the dominant state,its strategic reliance on its allies will be reduced.In such a scenario,the dominant state promotes transition in the alliance as a means of enhancing its control over its allies,thereby further restricting the autonomy of its allies,which may result in the leading state disempowering its allies,simplifying the functions of the alliance,or even cause its ultimate collapse.On the other hand,when power transitions are to the disadvantage of the dominant state,the alliance increases greatly in terms of its value to that state,as does the strategic dependence of the dominant state on its allies.Following the Cold War,the U.S.-Japan alliance experienced a crisis which nearly saw its collapse.This article uses the Post-Cold War U.S.-Japan alliance as case study,and considers the three major transitions in the history of the alliance.At the same time,the alliance’s security and defense cooperation have expanded to the global level,and now incorporate both times of peace and war.While so,this transition in the alliance has weakened American control over Japan,and has increased the risk of the United States being drawn into a regional conflict.

关 键 词：权力转移 结构压力 战略依赖 联盟转型 美日联盟 

分 类 号：D831.3[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—外交学]