政策“趋同进化”视域下加拿大政府购买体育社会组织服务的借鉴研究  

Canadian Government's Practice of Service Purchase from Sport Organizations—Policy Learning for China under the Perspective of “Convergent Evolution”

作　　者：邢晓燕[1] XING Xiao-yan(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2017年第4期3-13,共11页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目(14SHC031);国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学研究项目(2048SS14079);北京市属高等学校青年拔尖人才培育计划(#CIT&TCD201404170)

摘　　要：采用文献资料法、逻辑梳理法对加拿大政府与该国体育组织的职能分工、政府购买体育服务的运行机制进行分析,为我国构建现代化体育治理体系、政府与体育社会组织建立新型合作伙伴关系提供政策借鉴。研究结果显示,加拿大体育政策以协同治理为基本指导思想,以大众体育参与、竞技体育为核心目标,国家通过宪法、体育法、国家体育政策等界定政府的体育职能和体育治理中各部门的分工协作。作为政府体育职能部门,加拿大体育局通过《体育支持计划》等资助项目,以"政府购买体育服务"的方式,与国家单项体育组织、国家综合体育服务组织、国家运动中心等体育组织协作。《体育资助与问责框架》明确了加拿大体育局资助项目的经费分配、绩效管理的运行机制。该框架以加拿大体育及相关政策为基本依据,由资质评估、量化评分、资助预算审批和绩效问责4个程序组成。加拿大体育局对接受《体育支持计划》资助的体育组织进行问责;《体育支持计划》项目的绩效又构成加拿大体育局部门绩效的考核指标。研究从体育政策的目标设置、体育体系的功能设计、政府与体育社会组织的关系平衡以及政府购买体育服务的制度设计4个方面提炼政策启示与借鉴。This study examines the functions of Canadian government and sport organizations, and the mechanism that Canadian government applied to purchase sport services in order to provide policy learning for China amid its sport governance modernization and the development of a new collaborative partnership between government and sport organizations. Literature and document review, logical analysis were conducted. It was found that under the principle of collaborative governance, mass sport participation and sport excellence were the core objectives of Canadian Sport Policy. The Constitution, sport law, and national sport policy prescribe the role of government in sport as well as responsibilities and collaborations between sectors in sport governance. As the governmental agency in charge of sport, Sport Canada collaborates with National Sport Organizations, National Multisport Service Organizations, and Canadian Sport Centres in the form of ＂ government purchase sport services＂ via its Sport Support Program （SSP）. Sport Funding and Accountability Framework （SFAF） serves as the operational mechanism for Sport Canada to allocating funds and managing SSP＇ s performance. Under the guidance of Canada＇ s sport and social policies, SFAF constitutes four stages, respectively, eligibility, assessment, fund- ing, and accountability. Sport organizations funded by SSP were held accountable to Sport Canada, and consequently, the outputs of SSP formed the key indicators measuring Sport Canada＇ s annual performance. The study discussed policy learning implications in terms of setting sport policy objectives, designing sport system functions, balancing a dynamic relationship between government and sport organizations, and developing mechanisms for ＂government purchase sport services＂.

关 键 词：体育治理 体育政策 政府体育职能 体育组织 绩效管理 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]