贫困地区农户的致贫原因与机理——兼论中国的精准扶贫政策  

Research on the Causes and Mechanism of Poverty——With Comments on the Policy of Poverty Alleviation in China

作　　者：杨龙[1] 李萌[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学公共管理学院 [2]福建农林大学经济学院

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期33-40,共8页Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"基于多维贫困和脆弱性分析的金融扶贫项目贫困瞄准研究"(16CGL035);福建省社会科学规划项目"多维贫困和脆弱性视角下福建省农村低收入群体反贫困对策研究"(FJ2015C106);福建省软科学计划项目"金融扶贫项目的脆弱性瞄准及其精准扶贫机制研究"(2017R0007);福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目"农户脆弱性视角下产业扶贫项目减贫效果研究"(JAS160151);中央民族大学青年教师科研专项基金"多维贫困视角下民族地区的精准扶贫问题研究"(2016KYQN53)

摘　　要：分析贫困地区农户的致贫原因与机理是精准扶贫的基础。从自然、社会、个体三个方面梳理贫困地区农户的致贫原因和机理,并在此基础上分析中国当前精准扶贫政策的关注点以及需要完善之处。研究发现,贫困地区农户的贫困状况是资源禀赋、地理、生态、基础设施、制度、市场、政府、历史、文化、人力资本、农户权利和社会资本等多方面因素共同作用的结果。当前中国的精准扶贫政策虽然强调因贫困原因而施策,但政策主要关注的是基础设施、人力资本、市场、地理位置或环境、生态、社会资本、资源禀赋等方面的致贫原因。还需要在制度改革方面增加对劳动和土地要素贡献的倾斜,进一步发挥市场机制的作用,提高政府扶贫的干预效率,增加贫困群体赋权,培养紧密型社会资本,提高精准扶贫的政策效果。Analyzing the causes and mechanism of poor households in poor areas is the basis for poverty alleviation.From the perspective of natural conditions,society and household,this paper reviews the causes and mechanism of poverty and gives some comments on the policy of poverty alleviation in China.We find that poverty is the result of many factors,such as resource endowment,geography,ecology,infrastructure,institution,market,government,history,culture,human capital,farmers'rights and social capital.Although the policy of poverty alleviation offers sulotions according to the causes of poverty,it pays too much attention on infrastructure,human capital,market,geography,ecology,social capital and resource endowment.In order to improve the effects of the policy of targeted measures in poverty alleviation,the government should increase the weight of the contribution of labor and land in institutional reform and improve the efficiency of the government's intervention.Besides,perfecting market mechanism,empowerment on poor households and fostering intensive social capital are also needed.

关 键 词：贫困地区 致贫原因 机理 精准扶贫 

分 类 号：F320.2[经济管理—产业经济]