深海极端环境深部生物圈微生物学研究综述  

Microbiological Studies on Subseafloor Deep Biosphere in Deep Sea Extreme Environments

作　　者：党宏月[1] 李铁刚[1] 曾志刚[1] 秦蕴珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学集刊》2006年第1期41-60,共20页Studia Marina Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(批准号:KZCX3-SW-223和KZCX3-SW-233);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40476058和40576069)联合资助。

摘　　要：Because of extreme environmental conditions, deep sea subsurface sediments were traditionally regarded as a huge ‘desert’ unable to support any kind of life-form. However, 30 years’ investigation by the successive DSDP and ODP deep drilling projects indicated that microbes are extensively distributed in the deeply buried sediments and some shallow oceanic crusts in the world oceans. The subseafloor deep biosphere has huge microbial biomass and great biological and molecular diversity, and carries out a series of complicated and diverse physio-ecological functions. Study of the deep subseafloor biosphere microorganisms became the foci of studies on life’s origin and evolution, earth system evolution and transformation, global climate change, biotechnological development and exploitation of marine life and subseafloor natural energy resources. This review discusses the significances of the subseafloor deep biosphere microbial study and summarizes the progresses newly made in this field, in order to promote the initiation and development of related researches in our country for the active engagement in global marine resource exploitation and in international cooperation in tackling profound scientific issues in the new millennium.Because of extreme environmental conditions, deep sea subsurface sediments were traditionally regarded as a huge ‘desert’ unable to support any kind of life-form. However, 30 years' investigation by the successive DSDP and ODP deep drilling projects indicated that microbes are extensively distributed in the deeply buried sediments and some shallow oceanic crusts in the world oceans. The subseafloor deep biosphere has huge microbial biomass and great biological and molecular diversity, and carries out a series of complicated and diverse physio-ecological functions. Study of the deep subseafloor biosphere microorganisms became the foci of studies on life's origin and evolution, earth system evolution and transformation, global climate change, biotechnological development and exploitation of marine life and subseafloor natural energy resources. This review discusses the significances of the subseafloor deep biosphere microbial study and summarizes the progresses newly made in this field, in order to promote the initiation and development of related researches in our country for the active engagement in global marine resource exploitation and in international cooperation in tackling profound scientific issues in the new millennium.

关 键 词：深部生物圈 极端环境 微生物学研究 天然气水合物 微生物种类 硫酸盐还原 嗜热微生物 深海环境 厌氧 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学]