分子标记概述及其在藻类中的应用  

MOLECULAR MARKERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN ALGAE RESEARCH

作　　者：王秀良[1] 赵凤娟[1] 吕慧[1] 姚建亭[1] 刘吉东[1] 段德麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学集刊》2007年第1期77-92,共16页Studia Marina Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:30500383)资助

摘　　要：The development of genetics has entered into new genetic markers application ysage which developed one after the other from Mendelian morphological marker, cytogenetics marker, allozyme marker to DNA markers in algal research.Based on morphological features such as the colours and seed sizes of pea, Mendel discovered the famous genetic laws. The cytogenetics markers included chromosome morphology, number and structure, which can be used for gene localization. Allozymes are allelic variants of proteins produced by a single gene locus, and are of interest as markers because of the existing polymorphism. Since the 1970s, it has been used widespread for population genetics and other fields in biology. Since the last decade of the 20th century, various DNA marker techniques have been invented, such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR and SNP. With DNA markers, it is conveniently and easily to observe and exploit genetic variation in the entire genome. However, the application of molecular markers is still in its primary level. Here the principles and characters of kinds of molecular markers were reviewed including their applications in algae research, respectively.The development of genetics has entered into new genetic markers application ysage which developed one after the other from Mendelian morphological marker, cytogenetics marker, allozyme marker to DNA markers in algal research.Based on morphological features such as the colours and seed sizes of pea, Mendel discovered the famous genetic laws. The cytogenetics markers included chromosome morphology, number and structure, which can be used for gene localization. Allozymes are allelic variants of proteins produced by a single gene locus, and are of interest as markers because of the existing polymorphism. Since the 1970s, it has been used widespread for population genetics and other fields in biology. Since the last decade of the 20th century, various DNA marker techniques have been invented, such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR and SNP. With DNA markers, it is conveniently and easily to observe and exploit genetic variation in the entire genome. However, the application of molecular markers is still in its primary level. Here the principles and characters of kinds of molecular markers were reviewed including their applications in algae research, respectively.

关 键 词：藻类学 遗传多样性 遗传变异 间隔区 遗传相似度 果孢子体 DNA 种群遗传 地理分布 种紫菜 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]