村庄里的分化:熟人社会、富人在村与阶层怨恨——对东部地区农村阶层分化的若干理解  

Village Division,Acquaintance Society, the Rich in a Village and Class Resentment: Towards an Understanding of Social Division in Rural Areas of Eastern China

作　　者：杨华[1] 杨姿[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2017年第4期116-129,共14页China Rural Survey

摘　　要：东部地区农村民营经济发达,农民阶层分化具有"村庄里的分化"、"高度分化"、"富人在村"和"上层农民规模大"等特点。与城市陌生人社会的分化不同,农民分化首先是"村庄里的分化",村庄熟人社会具有信息对称、互动在场和价值贡献三大特征,它们影响着农民对自身阶层的认知与定位。"高度分化"是对东部农村阶层分化本质属性的概括,说明下层农民与上层农民差距甚大。"富人在村"意味着上层农民要参与村庄的社会性竞争和公共资源分配。而"上层农民规模较大"则使得上层农民在村庄中能够产生规模效应,他们的价值标准上升为村庄的价值标准。这样,下层农民在与上层农民的价值比较中达不到上层农民引领的价值标准,由此产生生存性压力和对上层农民的怨恨情绪。上层农民则利用自身的经济优势竞选担任村干部,并总体性占有村庄优质资源,构成对下层农民的排斥和剥夺。东部地区农村出现阶层固化的迹象。With the development of the private economy in rural areas of eastern China, class division can be witnessed, characterized by ＂division in a village＂, ＂high degree of division＂, ＂the rich in the village＂ and ＂a large size of upper-class peasants＂. This study finds that, unlike social division among sWangers in cities, division among peasants is happening within a village. An acquaintance society in villages is characterized by information symmetry, interactive presence and value contribution. Those characteristics influence peasants＇ cognition on and positioning of their own social strata. ＂High degree of division＂ summarizes the fact that a large gap exists between lower-class peasants and upper-class peasants. ＂The rich in the village＂ indicates the willingness of upper-class peasants to participate in social competition and public resources allocation in their villages. ＂The large size of upper-class farmers＂ leads to a scale effect of upper-class peasants in villages, giving the possibility for their value standards to become villages＇ value standards. Thus, lower-class peasants have difficulty in following the value standards led by upper-class peasants, resulting in their survival pressure and resentment towards the latter. When upper-class peasants use their economic advantages to hold the posts of village cadres and possess villages＇ high-quality resources at a large scale, social exclusion and deprivation of lower-class peasants may arise. The study concludes by noting that class solidification in rural areas of eastern China starts to happen.

关 键 词：农村 阶层分化 熟人社会 阶层关系 阶层怨恨 阶层固化 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]