儿童肝移植后急性间质性肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征八例诊疗  

Acute interstitial pneumonitis associated pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome in 8 recipients after liver transplantation

作　　者：王卫利[1] 高思楠[1] 康一生 于立新[1] 刘懿禾[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市第一中心医院移植外科重症监护室卫生部危重病急救医学重点实验室,300192

出　　处：《中华器官移植杂志》2017年第3期172-177,共6页Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation

摘　　要：目的 总结肝移植后急性间质性肺炎相关儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床经过,探讨发病的可能危险因素及治疗要点.方法 2012年1月至2016年9月天津市第一中心医院共行476例儿童肝移植,其中8例术后发生急性间质性肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征,入住重症监护病房（ICU）治疗,对病例资料进行回顾性分析及总结.结果 急性间质性肺炎相关儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发病时间窗为肝移植术后（2.67±0.77）个月,初发症状至转入ICU的时间间隔为（6.75±5.82）d.5例发病前有急性排斥反应治疗史,5例发病前有巨细胞病毒和（或）EB病毒血症.8例患儿均接受机械通气治疗,包括经鼻无创辅助通气2例,有创机械通气6例,其中3例切换为高频震荡通气联合一氧化氮吸入治疗.病情极期的最高吸入氧浓度均为100％,最低氧指数为（25.24±5.94）.8例患儿均采用静脉糖皮质激素暂时替代其它免疫抑制剂方案,期间均未发生排斥反应.8例中,急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关的死亡2例,1例合并门静脉血栓形成死于肝功能衰竭,余5例治愈.结论 急性间质性肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征是儿童肝移植术后的严重并发症,死亡率高.移植术后早期过强的免疫抑制可能是该病的发病危险因素.肺保护性通气策略及高频振荡通气可以减少呼吸机相关肺损伤.急性期糖皮质激素暂时替代其它免疫抑制剂利于减轻肺部炎症反应,并不增加排斥反应发生风险.Objective To summarize the clinical course of acute interstitial pneumonitis （AIP） associated pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome （PARDS） in 8 recipients after liver transplantation,and further discuss the potential risk factors and therapeutic highlights.Methods A total of 476 pediatric patients received liver transplantation in Tianjin First Center Hospital from January 2012 to September 2016.Among them,8 cases of AIP associated PARDS in ICU were recruited in this study.Medical data including clinical presentation,ICU management and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.Results The onset time-window of AIP associated PARDS was （2.67 ± 0.77） months after liver transplantation,and the time interval between initial symptom and ICU administration was （6.75 ± 5.82） days.Five cases had the history of acute rejection therapy,and 5 cases had CMV and/or EBV viremia history.All 8 cases received mechanical ventilation,2 cases given nasal non-invasive ventilation and the rest 6 cases given invasive ventilation,3 of which were switched to high frequency oscillatory ventilation （HFOV） combined with inhaled nitric oxide.At the stage of hypoxic climax,the fraction of inspired oxygen （FiO2） was up-regulated to 1.0 to maintain the oxygenation index （OI） of （25.24 ± 5.94）.Temporary replacement of immunosuppressants with intravenous glucocorticoids was implemented in all 8 cases without acute rejection episode.Of 8 cases,2 cases died from PARDS,1 case died from portal thrombosis associated hepatic failure,and the rest 5 cases survived.Conclusion AIP associated PARDS is a critical complication with high mortality in pediatric patients after liver transplantation.Excessively strong immunosuppression therapy at early post-transplant stage shows a risk factor for AIP.Lung protective ventilation strategy and HFOV are recommended to reduce ventilator induced lung injury in pediatric patients.Temporary intravenous glucocorticoids may reduce acute inflammatory reaction in PARDS patients withou

关 键 词：急性间质性肺炎 儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征 儿童肝移植 肺保护性通气策略 糖皮质激素 

分 类 号：R726.5[医药卫生—儿科]