掺N多孔炭/NiO的制备与电容性能的研究  

Synthesis and capacitance properties of N-doped porous carbon/NiO composite materials

作　　者：汪晓芹[1] 李巧琴[1] 张永[1] 赵捷[1] 杨玉飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学化学与化工学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2017年第6期1591-1597,共7页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21406176);国家留学基金资助项目([2015]5103)

摘　　要：以原位聚合法制备的煤基聚苯胺为碳、氮源,乙酸镍为催化剂前驱体,催化热解制得掺N多孔炭/Ni,再经液相氧化,成功制得掺N量为0.256%,有丰富微介孔的掺N多孔炭/NiO。其孔结构以小于40 nm的微介孔为主,微孔孔体积占80.4%,BET比表面积为452.5 m2/g,BET平均孔径为1.9 nm,BJH平均孔径为3.5 nm。其中,多孔炭保留了部分煤大分子的芳核特征,表面还有一定量的羧基和羟基,N元素主要以吡啶型N和吡咯型的形式掺杂到多孔炭中。NiO以100 nm左右的微粒附着在多孔炭表面或孔中。制备的掺N多孔炭/NiO兼具双电层电容和赝电容特性,具有高的比电容,好的循环稳定性和倍率特性。其单极比电容达到541.6 F/g(1.0 A/g),5.0 A/g下循环充放电1 000次后,比电容降为245.8 F/g,电容保持率为85.6%。N-doped porous carbon/Ni is synthesized through pyrolysis,using coal-based polyaniline prepared by an in- situ polymerization approach as the carbon and nitrogen source, nickel acetate as the catalyst precursor. Next it is suc- cessfully transformed to N-doped porous carbon/NiO through a liquid-phase oxidation, which contains 0.256% nitro- gen content and rich micro-mesopores. Its pore size is less than 40 nm, the microporous volumeris 80.4%, the BET specific surface area is 452.5 m2/g,the BET average pore width is 1.9 nm,and the BJH adsorption average pore di- ameter is 3.5 nm. Among them, the porous carbon retains the aromatic nucleus of some coal macromolecules, its sur- face also has a certain amount of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, and nitrogen element is mainly doped into the porous carbon in the form of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N. NiO particles about 100 nm diameter are embedded on the surface or in the pores of porous carbon. The as-synthesized N-doped porous carbon/NiO combines the electric double-layer ca- pacitance capacity of porous carbon and pesudocapacitance capacity of NiO. It has a high specific capacitance,good cycling stability and rate performance. Its specific capacitance is high to 541.6 F/g at the current density of 1.0 A/g. And it is reduced to 245.8 F/g at 5.0 A/g for 1 000-cycle charge-discharge tests and the capacitance retention is up to 85.6%.

关 键 词：煤 多孔炭 N掺杂 NIO 电容特性 

分 类 号：TQ530.2[化学工程—煤化学工程]