印楝渣生物药肥对香蕉生长和香蕉枯萎病的影响  

Effects of neem bioorganic fertilizer on banana growth and fusarium wilt

作　　者：赖多[1,2] 康向辉[1] 邵雪花[1,2] 匡石滋[2] 田世尧[2] 徐汉虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]天然农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室/华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2017年第4期30-36,共7页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：广东省科技计划(2015A020209056);广东省应用型科技研发专项(2015B020230012)

摘　　要：【目的】有效利用印楝渣废弃资源研制印楝渣生物药肥,并探讨其对香蕉Musa acuminata生长和香蕉枯萎病的影响。【方法】将耐药生防菌(解淀粉芽孢杆菌HN-11)与印楝渣混合发酵,制备印楝渣生物药肥;通过抑菌和盆栽试验,测定印楝渣生物药肥对香蕉生长的影响以及对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果;采用扫描电镜观察其对病原菌菌丝形态结构的影响。【结果】生防菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌HN-11对香蕉枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense 4号生理小种(Foc4)有明显的抑制作用,抑菌率为72.1%。生防菌株HN-11与印楝渣具有良好相容性,制备的印楝渣生物药肥施用质量分数为5%和10%时,处理组香蕉的长势好于对照,鲜质量、干质量、株高和茎粗均有不同程度的提高,与对照差异显著;施用印楝渣生物药肥组香蕉的病情指数分别为20和25,对香蕉枯萎病的防病率分别达到72.2%和77.8%;生防菌HN-11能降低土壤中病原菌Foc4孢子数,破坏菌丝形态结构。【结论】印楝渣与生防菌HN-11发酵腐熟施用可避免对香蕉产生药害,制成的印楝渣生物药肥对香蕉的生长具有明显促进作用,能有效控制香蕉枯萎病的发生。【Objective】 To manufacture neem bioorganic fertilizer using neem cake waste, and test its effects on banana growth and fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.【Method】 Neem bioorganic fertilizer was prepared by fermenting neem cake with a biocontrol bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HN-11. The effects of neem bioorganic fertilizer on banana growth and fusarium wilt were determinated by inhibition test and pot experiment. The pathogen mycelial morphology was observed by using a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. 【Result】B.amyloliquefaciens HN-11 had obvious inhibitory activity against F. oxysporum Foc4 with an inhibition rate of 72.1%. Biocontrol strain HN-11 had good compatibility with neem cake. Treated with 5% and 10% neem bioorganic fertilizer, the banana grew better than the control group with the fresh weight, dry mass, plant height and stem diameter significantly increasing. The disease indexes of the two treatment groups were 20 and 25, and the control efficiencies against fusarium wilt disease reached 72.2% and 77.8%, respectively. Strain HN-11 reduced the number of Foc4 spores in soil and destroyed their mycelial structure. 【Conclusion】Application of mature neem cake by fermenting with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HN-11 could avoid phytotoxicity to banana plants. The prepared neem bioorganic fertilizer can efficiently promote banana growth and prevent fusarium wilt disease.

关 键 词：印楝渣 生物药肥 解淀粉芽孢杆菌 香蕉生长 香蕉枯萎病 防治效果 

分 类 号：S482[农业科学—农药学] S436[农业科学—植物保护]