常规粳稻在安徽沿江稻区的特征特性研究  

Study on Characteristics of Japonica Rice in Anhui Area along the Yangtze River

作　　者：张长海 汪向东 李立中 方金旭 

机构地区：[1]安徽省桐城市种子管理局/国家水稻产业技术体系桐城综合试验站,安徽桐城231400

出　　处：《中国稻米》2017年第4期190-198,共9页China Rice

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-51)

摘　　要：以常规粳稻为试验材料,于2010-2015年在安徽沿江稻区的桐城市范岗镇杨安村试验基地,以杂交籼稻、杂交粳稻、常规籼稻为对照,对常规粳稻的特征特性进行了研究。结果表明,常规粳稻具有茎秆矮壮、叶片挺直且短、穗形上翘或直立、穗短且着粒密的植株形态特征和足蘖中穗的经济性状特征;与籼稻相比,常规粳稻表现为感光性强、分蘖率弱,但成穗率高、花时迟,幼穗分化Ⅵ期前后和抽穗扬花期对高温敏感,中后期耐肥等特性。不同播期对常规粳稻经济性状的影响主要表现在单位面积有效穗数和每穗总粒数上,对结实率和千粒重影响较小,常规粳稻随着播期的推迟表现为生物学产量逐渐下降而收获指数逐渐提高。试验结果表明,5月下旬播种、8月底至9月初抽穗的常规粳稻品种为安徽沿江稻区的优势品种,并提出了优势品种的高产栽培技术。Field experiment was carried out to explore the characteristics of japonica rice in Tongcheng City along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province in 2010 to 2015, using indica hybrid rice, japonica hybrid rice, conventional indica rice as control. The results showed that conventional japonica rice has the characteristics of dwarf and strong stem, straight and short leaves, short and erect spikes; compared with conventional indica rice, conventional .japonica rice showed strong photosensitivity, weak tillering rate, high spike rate, late flowering, sensitive to high temperature at booting stage and heading stage, and higher fertilizer tolerance at late stage. The effects of different sowing date on economic traits of conventional japonica rice were mainly on effective panicles and total grains per panicle, and had little effects on seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. With the delay of sowing date, the biology yield was decreased and the harvest index was increased. In brief, the dominant conventional japonica rice varieties along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province were sowing in late May, heading in late August or early September, and the high yield cultivation techniques were suggested in this paper.

关 键 词：常规粳稻 安徽沿江稻区 特征特性 高产栽培技术 

分 类 号：S511.2[农业科学—作物学]