化学驱油田采出水处理技术的研究进展  

Progress of Treatment Technologies for Oilfield Produced Water from Chemical Flooding Process

作　　者：陈宏[1,2] 邓征宇[3] 宫兆波 余关龙[1] 陈伟[1] 陈东[2] 高迎新[2] 

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利工程学院水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中机国际工程设计研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410007 [4]中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院,新疆克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2017年第5期95-101,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划"863计划"项目(2012AA062313);国家自然科学基金项目(51308068;51308069);湖南省科技计划项目(2015SF20623)

摘　　要：化学驱油提高采收率技术逐渐应用于国内各大油田,导致产生了大量含有驱油剂的化学驱采出水,它具有成分复杂、乳化严重、处理困难的特点。概述了化学驱油田采出水的来源、特征和处理要求,归纳了破乳剂、氧化剂、吸附剂等新药剂开发、不同结构或类型的药剂复配及过程条件优化、药剂筛选评价新方法,综述了斜管除油器、超声波破乳除油设备等新型油水分离设备以及表面改性膜、添加无机粒子的聚合物膜、无机陶瓷膜等精细过滤设备和一体化处理设备等开发新进展,总结了高级氧化技术、电化学方法以及组合工艺等新型处理工艺研究进展,最后展望了化学驱采出水处理技术的研究趋势。Enhanced oil recovery technology by chemicals has been increasingly applied to major domestic oilfields. At the same time,a large amount of produced water containing crude oil displacing agents has been manufactured. The chemical flooding produced water has the characteristics of complex composition,strong emulsification and difficulty to removal. The source,characteristics and its treatment and discharge requirements of the chemical flooding produced water are reviewed.The development of new reagents as demulsifiers,oxidizers,adsorbents,compounding methods of different structures or different types of reagents,process condition optimization and the selection and the evaluation methods of chemical agents for the produced water treatment are introduced. And new oil/water separator equipment including the inclined tube oil remover and the ultrasonic demulsification degreasing apparatus,fine filter equipments such as a polymer film,an inorganic ceramic membrane,and a surface modified membrane,and integrated processing equipments are summarized. The research status of advanced oxidation technologies, electrochemical methods and combined technologies are also summarized.According to existing problems in the field of the produced water treatment,the perspective of treatment technologies of chemical flooding produced water is also proposed.

关 键 词：油田 化学驱 采出水 聚合物 表面活性剂 处理技术 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]