黑龙江省农村土地流转市场化的现实运作与框架建构  

The Realistic Operation and Framework Construction of Market Circulation of Rural Land in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：孙玉娟[1] 邱晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学马克思主义学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《知与行》2017年第7期126-130,共5页Cognition and Practice

基　　金：黑龙江省社会科学基金研究项目"乡规民约在当代中国农村社会治理中的价值研究"(16KSB13);黑龙江省社会科学基金研究项目"新生代农民工有序政治参与制度建设研究"(13B006);东北农业大学"马克思主义理论与当代中国社会现实问题研究学科团队"(20140601)

摘　　要：土地作为一种生产要素,其产生的效益由流转的程度决定。长久以来,我国将土地权利分为土地所有权和土地承包经营权,但随着现代农业及农村非农产业的发展,土地承包权与经营权的并置已成为农业生产规模扩大化的阻碍因素。2016年10月,我国明确将土地承包经营权分为土地承包权和土地经营权,这一措施顺应农民意愿,激发了土地活力、盘活了土地资源,最大限度地发挥了土地效能,推动了农村劳动力资源的合理配置,同时整合了农业资源,将分散的土地集中并由市场进一步配置,扩大了生产规模,提高了生产效率。黑龙江省是我国主要的粮食生产地区,耕地总量位居全国第一,近年来黑龙江省土地流转市场化发展迅速,土地流转规模、流转形式及流转土地经营均呈现出扩大化、多样化、规模化趋势,但同时也暴露出一些问题:一是市场化运作程度低,主要体现在土地流转规则运行不规范、尚未建立有效的市场供需机制、信息沟通不对称等方面;二是土地确权机制有待完善;三是服务中介机构匮乏,现阶段黑龙江省农村土地流转市场中的服务中介组织数量有限,而为数不多现有的中介机构在流转过程中发挥的作用也不尽如人意;四是土地流转市场存在风险,农民和土地流入方都面临着收益受损的风险,一旦风险发生,现有的农业保险和政府的财政补贴远不能弥补农民与经营主体的损失。因此,为保障黑龙江省农村土地流转市场化,首先要建立规范的土地流转市场、培育服务中介机构,让土地流转交易正规化、透明化、合法化;其次要完善农村土地确权机制,明确土地所有权归集体,在此基础上进一步推进土地承包权真正落实,通过确定土地经营权来培育规模经营主体,扩大农地流转需求的内生动力;最后要建立健全风险保障机制,一方面发挥政府的保障作用,另一方面政府Land, as a factor of production, its benefits are determined by the degree of circulation. For a long time, China＇s land rights are divided into land ownership and the right to land contractual management, but with the development of modern agriculture and rural non - agricultural industry, the land contracting right and the right to operate has become an obstacle to the scale of agricultural production. In October of 2016, China clearly divided the land contractual management right into land contracting rights and land management rights. This measure conformed to the hopes of farmers, stimulated land vitality, revitalized land resources, maximized land efficiency and promoted the rational allocation of labor resources in rural areas, and the integration of agricultur- al resources, and the concentration of the scattered land and the further configuration by the market can expand the scale of production and improve production efficiency. Heilongjiang Province is the main grain production ar- ea in China. The total amount of cultivated land ranks the first in the country. In recent years, the market circu- lation in Heilongjiang Province has developed rapidly, and the scale of land circulation and land management are expanding and diversifying. However, it also exposed some problems ： First, the low degree of market opera- tion, mainly reflected in the nonstandard rules of land circulation, and an effective market supply and that de- mand mechanism has not been established yet and asymmetry information communication and so on; Second, the land right mechanism needs perfection ; Third, the number of service intermediary organizations in the rural land circulation market in Heilongjiang Province is limited, and the effect of the few existing intermediaries in the process of circulation is not satisfactory; Fourth, there is a risk in land transfer market. Farmers and land in- flows are facing the risk of loss of income. Once the risk occurs, the existing agricultural insurance and the gov- ernment~ financial subs

关 键 词：农村土地流转 市场化 风险保障机制 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]