“绿宝”苹果与不同砧木嫁接的解剖学研究  

Anatomical Study on Graft Trees of ‘Bramley′s Seedling' Apple and Different Rootstocks

作　　者：骆建霞[1] 郑鑫[1] 史燕山[1] 李首正 王燕[1] 张志晓[1] 曾丽蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300384

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第14期25-31,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：天津市科委基础与前沿技术研究计划资助项目(14JCYBJC30200);天津市农委新品种引进及示范推广资助项目(201101120)

摘　　要：以八棱海棠(Mulus robusta)、平顶海棠(M.prunifolia)、圆叶海棠(M.prunifoliavar.ringo)、西府海棠(M.micromalus)、红果海棠(M.sieboldii)和珠美海棠(M.zumi)为砧木,嫁接"绿宝"苹果(M.domestica‘Bramley′s seedling’),对接穗与砧木新梢的解剖结构以及嫁接口的解剖结构进行了观察测定,以了解"绿宝"苹果与不同砧木的嫁接亲和性。结果表明:"绿宝"苹果与八棱海棠、平顶海棠的枝皮率差异不显著,新梢横断面的组织结构相差较小,而与珠美海棠和红果海棠的枝皮率存在显著差异,且组织结构相差较大;"绿宝"苹果嫁接在八棱海棠和平顶海棠上,其嫁接口砧穗的结构差异较小,愈合良好;而嫁接在珠美海棠和红果海棠上,接口砧穗的结构差异较大,愈合较差,砧穗较易分离。综合分析认为,八棱海棠、平顶海棠和圆叶海棠为"绿宝"苹果适宜的嫁接砧木。The buds of Malus domestica ‘Bramley′s Seedling＇being grafted respectively on M.robusta,M.prunifolia,M.prunifolia var.ringo,M.micromalus,M.sieboldii and M.zumi,the anatomical structures of graft union and of shoots sprouted from grafting buds and rootstocks were observed and measured to understand the graft compatibility of six Malus species with the apple.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the apple and the three species M.robusta,M.prunifolia and M.prunifolia var.ringo in aspect of branch-cortex ratio,and relative smaller differences existed between the scion and the rootstocks in the tissue structure of shoot cross section.Significant differences appeared between the apple and the other two species M.sieboldii and M.zumi in aspect of branch-cortex ratio,and relative bigger differences emerged between the scion and the rootstocks in the tissue structure of shoot cross section.The graft unions with M.prunifolia,M.robustaand M.prunifolia var.ringo had small differences in the tissue structures between the scion and the rootstocks and healed normally.The graft unions with M.zumi and M.sieboldii had relative bigger difference in the tissue structure between the scion and rootstocks and healed abnormally.It was more likely for the shoots grafted on M.zumi and M.sieboldii to split from the rootstocks.According to comprehensive analysis,M.robusta,M.prunifoliaand M.prunifoliavar.ringocould be considered as the rootstocks with appropriate graft compatibility to‘Bramley′s Seedling＇apple.

关 键 词：“绿宝”苹果 嫁接 砧木 解剖结构 亲和性 

分 类 号：S661.104.3[农业科学—果树学]