中国废弃家电处理基金补贴机制的问题与改进  

Problems and Suggestions Concerning the Subsidy Mechanism of Waste Household Appliances Treatment Fund in China

作　　者：向宁[1,2] 梅凤乔[3] 李金惠[2] 汤万金[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国标准化研究院,北京100191 [2]清华大学固体废物处理与环境安全教育部重点实验室,北京100084 [3]北京大学环境学科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《生态经济》2017年第8期134-138,143,共6页Ecological Economy

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目"城市可持续发展分类标准研究"(512016Y-4496);国家科技支撑计划项目"废旧电子电器资源化过程污染控制及资源化产品环境安全控制技术研究"(2014BAC03B04)

摘　　要：废弃电器电子产品(以下简称"废弃家电")回收处理管理是我国当前面临的热点问题。目前,建立货流可控的回收渠道、推动废弃家电流入合规处理企业是产业良性发展的关键挑战。废弃家电处理基金制度(以下简称"基金制度")于2012年启动,其补贴有助于提高合规处理企业收购原料的议价能力,但仍有大量废弃家电流失。文章结合中国大陆和台湾地区的对比,讨论中国大陆实施基金制度的现状、问题与改进建议。文章认为,当前我国基金制度的社会适宜性不足。建议调整补贴机制,由以往直补处理企业改为直补回收商,回收商凭交售合规处理企业的收货票据领取补贴金。由此兼顾合规处理企业和回收商的利益,以更有力地引导废弃家电的货流去向,提升基金效果。Today, to facilitate a healthy collection and treatment industry of waste household appliances （hereinafter as WHAs） is a hot issue in China. The essential challenge is to build collection channels with controlled WHAs flows and to get more WHAs entering into compliant treatment enterprise. The WHAs treatment fund was initialed in 2012 in China, which up to now has demonstrated to advance the compliant enterprises＇ market bargaining power on the WHAs acquisition by providing subsidies. However, significant amount of WHAs have still gone outside the compliant enterprises. This article discusses the quo status and problems of fund and gives suggestions for improvement. It is argued that under the current context of China, the fund is short of the social and economic applicability. Suggestions is presented that to subsidize collector instead of compliant treatment enterprises and those collectors get financial aids only with the vouchers provided by compliant treatment enterprises. Such improvement considers the interests of both collectors and compliant treatment enterprises, making the fund more effective, and thus promotes the building of collection channels with controlled WHAs flows.

关 键 词：废弃家电 处理基金 补贴机制 改进 回收渠道 

分 类 号：X323[环境科学与工程—环境工程]