温度、土壤湿度和播种深度对花生种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Temperature,Soil Moisture and Sowing Depths on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Peanut

作　　者：谢明惠[1] 陈浩梁[1] 张光玲[1] 林璐璐[1] 苏卫华[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《花生学报》2017年第2期52-59,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：安徽省农业科学院人才发展专项资金项目(17F1103)

摘　　要：选用白沙1016为试验材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同温度、土壤湿度和播种深度对花生种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:随着温度(15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃)的升高,花生出苗率、株高、侧枝数、地上和地下部分鲜重、叶绿素含量及根系活力也逐渐增加;土壤相对湿度60%时,花生的出苗率和幼苗长势均优于相对湿度40%和80%,且土壤相对湿度80%时,花生的烂种率显著增加,在高温和播种过深时尤其严重;播种深度为4~6cm时最为适宜,播种过浅或过深会降低出苗率,延长出苗时间,影响花生长势。因而,在实际生产中,根据当地的气候、土壤质地等条件,选择合适的播种时机及农艺操作可有效提高花生的产量和品质。Using Baisha1016 as experimental material, seed germination and seedling growth of peanut were studied under different temperature, soil moisture and sowing depths by pot experiment. The results showed that： Within the tested temperature, the emergence rate, plant height, lateral branch number, fresh weight of aboveground part and root, chlorophyll content and root vigor in- creased with the temperature rising; emergence rate and other indexes under 60% soil relative mois- ture were higher than those under 40% and 80% relative moisture, the rate of rotten seed was signifi- cantly increased when the soil relative moisture was 80%, especially under higher temperature and deeper depth; the optimum sowing depth was 4- 6 cm, emergence rate decreased, emergence time prolonged and growth potential reduced when the sowing depth were too shallow or too deep. Accord- ing to the local climate, soil texture and other conditions, selecting the appropriate timing of sowing and farming operations can effectively improve the yield and quality of peanut.

关 键 词：花生 温度 土壤相对湿度 播种深度 出苗率 生理指标 

分 类 号：S565.20[农业科学—作物学]