小麦季施氮对麦套花生光合特性、氮素和干物质积累及周年氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation in Preceding Wheat on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Nitrogen and Dry matter Accumulation and N Utilization of Peanuts Relay-cropping with Wheat

作　　者：张艳艳[1] 李文金[1] 康涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《花生学报》2017年第2期64-67,39,共5页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2015GNC111009);山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队建设专项(SDAIT-05-13);泰安市农业科学研究院青年科研基金项目(2014第14号)

摘　　要：在大田条件下,以小麦品种济麦22号和花生品种花育25号为材料,设置4种不同追施氮肥的方式,分别为:(A)拔节期施纯氮160kg/hm^2、(B)拔节期施纯氮80kg/hm^2+开花期施纯氮80kg/hm^2、(C)孕穗期施纯氮160kg/hm^2、(D)开花期施纯氮160kg/hm^2;施肥方法均为开沟追施。研究了小麦季4种不同追施氮肥方式对下茬花生各生育时期叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、成熟期各器官氮素和干物质积累与分配及周年氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明:C处理的氮肥运筹方式提高了叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率;荚果中氮素和干物质积累量及其分配比例均较高;小麦籽粒产量最高、花生荚果产量较高;氮素内部利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均最高。本试验条件下,综合考虑周年作物产量和氮素利用效率,前茬小麦基施纯氮105kg/hm^2、孕穗期追施纯氮160kg/hm^2和花针期追施25kg/hm^2(C处理)是小麦套种花生种植模式下最佳的氮肥运筹方式。Field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation in preceding wheat （Jimai22） on nitrogen and dry matter accumulation and N utilization of peanuts （Huayu25） relay-cropping with wheat. The four nitrogen fertilizer regulations such as topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer 160kg/ha at wheat jointing stage（A）, topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer 80kg/ha at wheat jointing and 80kg/ha at wheat anthesis stage（B）, topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer 160kg/ha at wheat booting stage（C）, topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer 160kg/ha at wheat anthesis stage（D）. The results showed that chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic of peanut leaf of treatment C were higher than other treatments. Both dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, and transportation and pea- nut yield of treatment C were all higher than other treatments. The yield of wheat, N internal effi- ciency and N partial factor productivity of treatment C were the highest in the experiment. In conclu- sion, under the condition of the experiment as far as the yield of wheat and peanut and N utilization, the most application productive and effective regime was treatment C （N 105 kg/ha basal fertilizer be- fore growing wheat ＋ N 160 kg/ha topdressing fertilizer at wheat booting stage ＋ N 25 kg/ha top-dressing fertilizer at pod bearing stage）.

关 键 词：麦套花生 光合特性 氮素积累 干物质积累 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S344.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S157.41[农业科学—农艺学]