老年人步态移动稳定性的增龄特征研究  

Study on the Aging Characteristics of Gait Movement Stability in the Elderly

作　　者：张庆来[1] 张林[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学体育学院,山东淄博255049 [2]苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州215021

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2017年第7期599-604,共6页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：山东省高等学校优秀骨干教师国际合作培养项目经费资助

摘　　要：目的:探讨老年人步态移动稳定性的增龄特征,为老年人跌倒的预防提供理论指导。方法:采用美国APDM Mobility LabTM可穿戴式步态平衡测试系统对58名不同年龄段(60~90岁)的老年人从行走步态、转身动作和坐-立动作三个维度进行了i TUG(Instrumented Timed Up and Go,改良坐立行走计时)测试。结果:(1)TUG总时间与i TUG总时间:≥80岁组与60~70岁组具有显著差异(P<0.05),70~80岁组和60~70岁组具有显著差异(P<0.05),而≥80岁组与70~80岁组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。且测试结果均表现出随着年龄增加总时间逐渐增加。(2)行走步态参数:步长、步速及下肢小腿环节活动范围等移动能力相关指标,三组间都存在显著性差异(P<0.05),均表现出随年龄增加呈逐级递减趋势。而躯干相关的运动参数3个年龄组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(3)转身动作相关参数:≥80岁组与70~80岁组均不具有显著性差异(P>0.05),而与60~70岁组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。(4)坐-立动作参数,坐-立时间和坐-立躯干活动范围(角度)3组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而在转身坐下的峰值角速度和时间上,≥80岁龄组则与70~80岁组和60~70岁组均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。躯干活动范围(角度),60~70岁组与其它两组均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。且随年龄增加,转身坐下躯干活动范围(角度)呈减小趋势。结论:老年人步态移动稳定性的增龄特征明显,普遍存在随年龄增加步态移动能力下降趋势,尤其在纵向直线移动控制能力方面,表现出明显的年龄相关性,而在侧向移动控制能力方面,70岁以后年龄相关性减弱,提示70岁可能是高跌倒风险的临界年龄。Objective To explore the aging characteristics of the gait movement stability of the elderly, so as to provide theoretical guidance for their fall prevention. Methods Fifty-eight elderly participants （ranging in age from 60 to 90） were given the instrumented timed up and go （iTUG） test including walking gait,turning-back and sit-standing using a wearable test system APDM Mobility LabTM （made in USA）. Results Significant differences were found in the time of TUG and iTUG between the elderly in their sixties and those no less than 80, as well as between those in the seventies and sixties; while there were no significant differences between people no less than 80 and those between sixty and seventy. Moreover, both the above times increased with their age. There were significant differences among the three groups in the step gait parameters including the step length, speed and and several mobile ability indexes （P〈0.05）. These parameters showed a tendency of decrease with the increase of the age. There was no significant difference among the three age groups in body-related motion parameters （P〉0.05）. However, significant differences were found in turning parameters between people no less than 80 years and 60-70 years age group （P〉0.05）,but not between those no less than 80 and those in their sixties （P〈0.05）. No significant differences were found in sit-standing parameters, sit-to-stand duration and sit-to-stand range of motion of the trunk among the different age groups （P〉0.05）. However, there were significant differences between the elderly no less than 80 and the other two age groups in turn-to-sit peak volecity （TTSPV） and turn-to-sit duration （P〈0.05）. Significant differences were also found in the range of motion of the trunk （ROMT） between the elderly aged 60-70 and the other two groups （P〈0.05）. The ROMT decreased with the increase of age. Con- clusions The gait movement stability of the elderly has obvious aging characteristics and tends to decr

关 键 词：老年人 步态 移动性 增龄 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]