压力对优秀运动员注意偏向的影响  

Influences of Stress on Attentional Bias of Elite Athletes

作　　者：刘运洲[1] 杨勇涛[2] 张忠秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]天津体育学院国家体育总局竞技运动心理与生理调控实验室,天津300381

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2017年第7期618-621,共4页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：财政部基本科研业务费专项(编号:基本15-11)资助

摘　　要：目的:探讨压力是否会导致优秀运动员对负性信息产生注意偏向,为赛前进行针对性的注意力训练与调控提供依据。方法:以正性、中性和负性情绪面孔图片为刺激材料,采用点探测范式对25名优秀运动员在压力和非压力情境下的注意行为分别进行测试,比较他们在不同情境下(压力、非压力)情绪面孔附近靶刺激的反应时和注意偏向得分。结果:压力情境下负性情绪面孔附近靶刺激的反应时显著短于正性、中性情绪面孔附近靶刺激的反应时,负性情绪面孔的注意偏向得分显著大于0。结论:压力易导致优秀运动员对负性信息产生注意偏向。Objective To demonstrate the influence of stress on attentional bias in athletes, in order to make guidance for athletes＇ attention training and control. Method Using dot-probe paradigm,we analyzed the attention behavior of 25 athletes either under stress or not when viewing different pictures of emotional face. The reaction time and the score of the attention bias were recorded and compared. Result The reaction time to negative face pictures under stress was significantly shorter than that to the positive and neutral ones. The value of the attention bias to negative pictures was significantly bigger than 0. Conclusion Stress tends to induce attention bias of athletes to negative information.

关 键 词：压力 注意偏向 运动员 点探测范式 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]