平衡施肥对海南早稻经济性状和产量的影响  

Effects of Balanced Fertilization on Yield and Economic Characters of Early-Season Rice

作　　者：张冬明[1,2,3] 王绥干[4] 吴光辉[4] 陈胜[4] 吴宗礼[4] 张永发[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所,海口571100 [2]农业部海南耕地保育科学观测试验站,海口571100 [3]海南省耕地保育重点实验室,海口571100 [4]海口市农业技术推广中心,海口570206

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2017年第9期1623-1627,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省耕地改良专项(HNGDhs201501);海南省省属科研院所技术开发研究专项(KYYS-2015-12;KYYS-2016-02);农业部测土配方施肥资金补贴项目

摘　　要：采用"3414"完全随机区组设计,开展早稻田间肥效试验,研究施肥对早稻经济性状及产量的影响。结果表明,氮是影响早稻分蘖数的关键因素,钾是影响早稻有效穗率、株高、有效穗长、每穗粒数、结实率、着粒密度的关键因素。施肥对早稻具有极显著的增产效应,氮肥的增产效果最好,最高增产18.00%,纯增收入1 278.4元/hm^2;磷肥最高增产10.40%,纯增收入732.8元/hm^2;钾肥最高纯增收入455.1元/hm^2,增产11.30%。通过配置肥料效应模型,结合试验实际情况,确定早稻氮、磷、钾最佳配比为N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=0.30∶1.00∶0.73。Field trials of fertilizer to early-season rice were carried out by using the ＂3414＂ completely random block design to observe early-season rice economic characters and yield. The results showed that N fertilization was a key impact factor of early-season rice tiller number,and P fertilization was a key factor of the rate of early rice and effective ear,plant height, ef-fective ear length,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,grain density. The fertilization significantly increased the yeild of early-season rice,the effect of N fertilization on yield and economic was the largest, compared with control,the highest yield-increase rate was 18.00% with the net income increased by 1278.4 CNY per hectare, the highest yield-increase rate of P was 10.40% with the net income increased by 732.8 CNY per hectare, while the highest net income of K increased by 455.1 CNY per hectare with the yield-increase rate was 11.30%. The optimal N,P,K ratio of early-season rice was 0.30：1.00：0.73 according to fertilizer effect with the actual situation testing.

关 键 词：平衡施肥 早稻 经济性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学] S147.211