灌溉方式对土壤水盐运移及油葵产量的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Methods on Soil Water and SaltMigration and Oil Sunflower Yield

作　　者：张永宏[1] 田生昌[2] 杨建国[1] 樊丽琴[1] 吴秀梅 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院,农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002 [2]宁夏农林科学院,银北盐改站,宁夏平罗753400 [3]宁夏平罗县通伏乡农业服务中心,宁夏平罗753400

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第18期71-75,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金“引黄灌区障碍性土壤节水抑盐与肥力提升技术研究与示范”(NKYG-14-26);宁夏农林科学院“十三五”重点科技项目“宁夏耕地可持续利用与农田生产力提升技术研究与示范”(NKYZ-16-0908);国家科技支撑计划课题“河套地区盐碱地水盐调控与肥力提升关键技术研究与示范”(2013BAC02B05)

摘　　要：为了解不同灌水覆膜方式对盐碱土壤水分、盐分迁移过程及其对油葵产量的影响,提出基于油葵产量最大化的水盐调控技术体系与精量灌溉技术。试验设计为二因素,因素一为灌水方式:滴灌、漫灌;因素二为覆盖方式:不覆膜、覆膜。结果表明:处理滴灌+覆膜的土壤全盐处于低位变化之中,p H、土壤含水量向油葵生长有利的方向发展,各处理油葵产量由高到低的顺序为(滴灌+覆膜)>(漫灌+覆膜)>(漫灌+不覆膜)>(滴灌+不覆膜),其中滴灌+覆膜处理产量比漫灌+不覆膜增产8.8%。结论:采用滴灌+覆膜种植油葵能降低土壤蒸发量,有效控制地表返盐,抑制盐分表聚,能为油葵根系生长提供低盐环境,提高油葵产量。In order to study the effects of different irrigation and film mulching methods on saline alkali soil moisture and salt migration process and yield of oil sunflower, the water salt control technology system and precision irrigation technology was proposed based on maximizing yield of oil sunflower.We designed two factors, factor one was irrigation methods： drip irrigation and flood irrigation; factor two was the covered way： no mulching and film mulching. The results showed that soil total salt of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching was in low variation, pH value and soil water content changed to a favorable direction of sunflower growth, the yield of oil sunflower from high to low followed an order of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching〉flood irrigation under plastic film mulching〉flood irrigation under no mulching〉drip irrigation under no mulching, the yield of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching increased the yield by8.8% compared withflood irrigation under no mulching. The treatment of drip irrigation under film mulching could reduce soil evaporation, effectively control saltreturn in surface, inhibit salt accumulation, provide a low salt environment for oil sunflower root growth, and improve oil sunflower yield.

关 键 词：盐碱地 油葵 水盐运移 

分 类 号：S275.565[农业科学—农业水土工程]