小清河口及邻近海域表层沉积物重金属污染及生态风险特征  

Pollution and ecological risk characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments in Xiaoqing River Estuary and adjacent sea areas

作　　者：沈佳裕 罗先香[1] 郑浩[1] 杨建强[2] 林颂[1] 张娟[1] 张珊珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,中国海洋大学,青岛266100 [2]国家海洋局北海海洋工程勘察研究院,青岛266061

出　　处：《环境化学》2017年第7期1516-1524,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委-山东省人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目(U1406404);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB453301)资助~~

摘　　要：本文基于6个航次的生态调查,研究了莱州湾小清河口及邻近海域表层沉积物5种重金属的含量分布及生态风险特征.结果表明,沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg的平均含量分别为17.95、22.08、63.99、0.15、0.08 mg·kg^(-1),均小于国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准.其中Hg的含量高于渤海典型河口,甚至大部分海湾表层沉积物Hg含量.重金属Cu和Pb含量随时间整体呈先升高后降低趋势,区域间差异不显著;重金属Zn、Cd和Hg含量在2010年后呈下降趋势,且河口区域含量明显高于近海区域(P<0.05).地累积指数(Igeo)评价结果表明,沉积物重金属污染累积程度依次为:Hg>Pb>Zn>Cd>Cu,整体污染较轻,重金属Hg在河道和河口区域污染累积程度较高.沉积物质量基准(SQGs)评价结果表明,重金属Pb和Cd基本不产生生物不利效应,Cu、Zn和Hg偶尔产生生物不利效应.平均沉积物质量基准商(m-ERM-Q)评价结果显示,总体上研究区沉积物重金属产生潜在生态毒性的可能性较低,河道与河口区域产生重金属生态毒性可能性为21%,其中Hg对重金属复合污染风险贡献较大,生态污染隐患较重.Based on the ecological survey of six cruises,the distribution and ecological risk characteristics of 5 heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Xiaoqing River Estuary and adjacent sea areas were investigated. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Hg in the sediments were 17.95,22.08,63.99,0.15 and 0.08 mg·kg-1,respectively,which were all lower than the national marine sediment quality standardsⅠ. The concentration of Hg was higher than other typical estuaries and even most of the bays in Bohai sea. The concentrations of Cu and Pb increased firstly and then decreased with time,with no significant difference among the regions. The concentrations of Zn,Cd and Hg showed a downward trend after 2010,and the concentrations in the estuaries were significantly higher than the adjacent sea areas （P〈0.05）. The results of geoaccumulation index（Igeo） showed that the cumulative degree of heavy metal pollution in the sediments followed the order： Hg〉 Pb〉 Zn〉 Cd〉 Cu. The overall pollution was lighters. While the cumulative pollution of Hg was higher in stream channel and estuary regions. The results of sediment quality guidelines（SQGs） showed that Pb and Cd did not produce bio-adverse effects,and Cu,Zn and Hg produced bio-adverse effects occasionally. The M-ERM-Q values indicated that the sediment heavy metals had low potential of ecological toxicity in the whole study area. However,the possibility of heavy metal ecological toxicity was 21% in stream channel and estuary,and Hg contributed significanting to combined pollution risk.

关 键 词：小清河口 沉积物 重金属污染 潜在生态风险 莱州湾 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]