上海市松江区某黑色金属铸造公司职业病危害现状和风险水平  

Present situation and risk level of occupational hazard in a ferrous metal foundry plant of Songjiang District in Shanghai

作　　者：郭孔荣[1] 戎艳[1] 吴越芾[1] 孙道远[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属上海市肺科医院职业卫生评价室,上海200433

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第10期1297-1299,1302,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析上海市松江区某黑色金属铸造公司的职业病危害因素、工程防护措施和风险水平。方法采用职业卫生调查、工程分析和半定性半定量评价法(MES评价法,M:控制措施的状态,E:暴露的频繁程度,S:发生事故会造成的损失后果),对职业病危害因素及其风险程度进行识别、分析与评价。结果该项目主要职业病危害因素为矽尘、砂轮磨尘、其他粉尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、高温、噪声、工频电场。检测结果显示,造型、清砂岗位矽尘浓度超标,分别为1.2、1.4 mg/m^3,熔炼、浇铸岗位温度超标(29.8、31.2℃),打磨岗位噪声强度超标为86.1 d B(A)。清砂、造型、浇铸等接触矽尘、高温的职业病危害级别达到3级(显著危险),喷漆、打磨、铸造岗位的职业病危害级别为4级(一般危险),空压机巡检、抛丸等岗位为5级(稍有危险)。结论该黑色金属铸造企业的高温、粉尘的职业病危害因素较为严重,清砂、造型等接尘岗位的职业病危害级别较高,目前采取的职业病防护措施仍需改进。[ Objective ] To analyze the occupational disease hazards, protection measures and risk level in a ferrous metal foundry plant of Songjiang District in Shanghai.[Methods] The occupational disease hazards and risk levels were identified, analyzed and evaluated by occupational investigation, engineering analysis and MES evaluation method （M means the state of control measures, E means the frequency of exposure, S means the consequence of accidents）. [Results] The occupational disease hazards of this project included silica dust, grinding wheel dust, other dust, benzene, tolune, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, high temperature, noise and power frequency electric field. The detection results showed that concentration of silica dust at the posts of modelling and cleaning was 1.2 mg/m^3 and 1.4 mg/m^3 respectively, the temperature value at the posts of smelting and pouring was 29.8℃ and 31.2℃ respectively, and noise intensity of polishing post 86.1 dB （A）, which all exceeded the limits of natienal occupational health standards. The occupational risk levels of the posts of cleaning, modeling and pouring, which were exposed to silica dust and high temperature, reached level 3 （significant risk）, the posts of paint spraying,polishing and casting were at level 4 （general risk）, and the posts of compressor checking and blasting were at level 5 （mild risk）. [ Conclusion ] Occupational disease hazards such as high temperature and dust in this ferrous metal foundry plant are comparatively serious, and the dust-exposed posts （cleaning and modeling） are at higher risk level. The existing occupational protection measures should be improved.

关 键 词：黑色金属铸造 职业病危害 现状评价 MES评价法 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]