护士职业性腰背痛的影响因素及防护  

Influencing factors and protection of occupational low back pain in nurses

作　　者：陈革[1] 刘男[1] 刘勇[1] 刘瑞丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]邯郸市第一医院血液内科,河北邯郸056002

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第10期1431-1434,1437,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：探讨护士职业性腰背痛的影响因素与防护,从生物力学角度分析总结导致护士职业性腰背痛的原因,通过查阅相关资料并结合临床实践,总结归纳为护理操作过程中脊柱过度屈曲扭转导致姿势稳定性降低,椎间盘,小关节,肌肉韧带负荷过大而致损伤,对防护职业性腰背痛提出,加强关注护理操作过程中姿势的稳定性,充分利用人体工效学原理设计好工作环境与工作步骤,以维护脊柱的生物力学特性,预防脊柱过度屈曲扭转,同时加强背肌及核心肌群的稳定性训练,使肌力得到加强并提高肌肉的协调能力,建议使用防护用具,如腰围、软底鞋等以维护脊柱的稳定性,预防护士职业性腰背痛。作者从生物学角度将护理人员职业性腰背痛的影响因素及防护进行综述。The paper is aim to explore the influencing factors and protection of occupational low back pain in nurses, and summa-rizes the causes of low back pain in nurses from the biomechanics. By searching relevant articles and summarizing the experience, the causes of low back pain are considered to be as follows： reduced postural stability resulted by excessive flexion and torsion of the spine during nursing operation and damage in intervertebral disc ,facet joint, muscle and ligament accompanied with overload. In light of the above, it is necessary to pay more attention to the stability of the spine during nursing operations, design the operation steps and operation environments on the basis of ergonomic principles,to maintain the biomechanical properties of the spine and prevent over bent of the spine and lower back pain. Besides that, nurses are advised to take the stability training of dorsal muscles and core muscles to improve the cooperation of the lower back muscles in order to avoid pain. In addition, protective equipment such as waist circumference and soft soled shoes are recommended to protect the spine and prevent lower back pain. The authors review the influencing factors and protection of occupational low back pain in nurses fromabiologicalstandpoint.

关 键 词：职业性腰背痛 生物力学 核心肌群训练 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]