农业劳动力的代际更替:国有农场案例研究  

Intergenerational Replacement of Agricultural Labor:A Case Study on State-owned Farms

作　　者：朱玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2017年第3期3-29,共27页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：中国社会科学院经济研究所创新工程项目"公有企业收益共享机制的国际比较"的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：在计划经济时代,国有农场主要通过政府的强制性分配措施,获得了人力资本水平不亚于非农行业的青壮劳动力。市场取向的经济改革以来,大规模的农业劳动力转移以及独生子女政策实施数年对人口与社会的影响,导致务农劳动力快速老化。国有农场现行的用工制度,未给予非正式职工与正式职工同等的社会经济待遇,对优质年轻劳动力进一步产生了排斥效应。扭转这一状况的关键在于:第一,继续推进国有农场在农地管理、劳动用工制度和社会保障提供等环节上的改革;第二,创造足以提高务农劳动者社会经济地位的制度环境,使农业和非农劳动者在具有同等人力资本水平和工作表现的条件下,有可能获得大体相当的收入和社会保障。这就需要国家采取立法措施,重构农业职业教育和继续教育体系,强化农业人力资本投资。In the planned economy of China, state-owned farms managed to obtain a considerable number of young agricultural laborers at the level of human capital similar to that of non-agricultural workers under the job allocation system of the state. During the transition to market economy, agricultural labor force has become rapidly aging, as the result of massive rural-urban labor migration and the long standing one-child policy. Moreover, due to the existing employment system of the state-owned farms which does not treat formal and informal workers equally in terms of wages and benefits, qualified young laborers are increasingly unwilling to work in these farms. The following steps are needed to change this situation. First, to pursue further state-owned farm reforms with regard to state-owned land management, worker recruitment, and social protection provi farmi sion. Second, to create institutional conditions for the improvement of socioeconomic status of ng people, which will entitle agricultural laborers to income and social security benefits comparable to that of non-agricultural workers at similar level of human capital and work performance. This would require the government to take legislative measures aiming at re-structuring vocational and continuing education system for agriculture, as well as strengthening human capital investment in agriculture.

关 键 词：农业就业 国有农场改革 人力资本投资 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]