基于地理信息系统的城市建筑能耗模型建立方法  

Energy Models of Urban Building Stock Based on Geographic Information System

作　　者：田玮[1] 刘云亮[1] 孙禹[2] 尹宝泉[3] 孟庆新[4] 孟献昊 傅兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市轻工与食品工程机械装备集成设计与在线监控重点实验室天津科技大学机械学院,天津300222 [2]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,哈尔滨150006 [3]天津市建筑设计院,天津300074 [4]天津科技大学后勤集团,天津300222

出　　处：《建筑节能》2017年第7期40-46,共7页BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

基　　金：天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划(14JCYBJC42600);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"可持续发展中的绿色设计研究"(16JZD014)

摘　　要：为降低城市快速膨胀导致的能源消耗及温室气体总量,城市环境建筑能耗分析已经成为研究热点,但是城市环境中区域建筑能耗模型尚处于初步研究阶段。随着我国城市地理信息系统及相关数据库的完善,为建立准确且预测功能完善的建筑能耗模型提供了便利条件。重点探讨根据城市地理信息系统及相关统计数据,建立三维城市环境建筑动态能耗模型。重点分析了可能遇到的主要问题及解决方法,包括如何简化地理信息系统的数据、考虑城市建筑复杂性、模型建立的自动化完成、全局敏感性分析节能措施等。并且用2个实例说明处理空间规模不同的建筑群可采用的不同建模方法。研究不仅为城市节能提供指导,也为建筑信息模型的发展和促进城市规划领域中建筑能耗模型的广泛应用提供了坚实基础。Assessment of urban building energy has become an active research field in order to reduce energy consumption and associated carbon emission due to fast urban expansion. However,building energy models at urban scale are still in their infancy. G ISs（ G eographic Information Systems） at urban environments are becoming more mature and increasingly available,which provides a new opportunity to develop the G IS-based urban energy models. This paper focuses on the main problems when creating building dynamic energy models at urban scale based on the G IS information and data from other sources.The procedure of constructing energy models at urban scale can be divided into seven steps： collecting original data related to building energy models in a city; pre-processing these data for the specific purpose of building energy analysis; arranging these data in a readable way suitable for the specific energy program（ such as Energy Plus or De ST）; creating energy models using the dynamic building energy program and computer language for parametric analysis; running these energy models using multi-core workstations or other high-performance computers to expedite the calculation for a number of building energy models; validating these energy models in comparison with measured data or typical energy data;finally applying the global sensitivity analysis to identify effective energy saving measures at urban scale.The issues are discussed, including simplifying the G IS data, considering the complexity of urban buildings,automation of creating building energy models,global sensitivity analysis for energy saving analysis. The G IS data usually have unnecessary data for the purpose of building energy analysis and,therefore,it is necessary to delete the information unrelated to building energy analysis from the G IS data.The automation of creating energy models should be implemented using the computer languages,such as R or MATLAB,because a large number of buildings are involved for urban-scale energy analysis. Two examples

关 键 词：城市规模 建筑能耗 地理信息系统 数学模型 

分 类 号：TU111[建筑科学—建筑理论]