不同砧木对海南油茶嫁接成活率和苗木生长的影响  

Effects of Four Rootstocks on the Survival Percentage of Grafting and Growth of Camellia Oleifera Seedlings

作　　者：袁军[1] 王慧[1] 董文统[1] 冉舵 谭晓风[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护省部共建教育部重点实验室经济林培育与利用湖南省高校‘2011’协同创新中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2017年第7期1193-1197,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(No.201504705)

摘　　要：以越南油茶(海南种源)、油茶‘岑软2号’(广西种源)、油茶‘湘林XLC15’(湖南种源)和高州油茶(广东种源)种子的芽苗为砧木,海南省新认定油茶新品种‘海油1号’春梢为接穗,研究4种砧木对其嫁接成活率、嫁接苗生长及养分含量的影响。结果表明:以越南油茶为砧木嫁接成活率最高,达95.0%,以油茶‘湘林XLC15’为砧木嫁接成活率最低,仅为50.0%;以越南油茶为砧木的2年生嫁接苗苗高、地径和总鲜重均为最高,分别达到50.75 cm、5.19 mm和38.64 g,其次为‘岑软2号’,高州油茶最低;不同砧木嫁接的苗木根冠比大小依次为高州油茶>油茶‘湘林XLC15’>越南油茶>油茶‘岑软2号’;以越南油茶为砧木的嫁接苗叶片叶绿素含量最高,平均值达77.58,最低为‘湘林XLC15’;以越南油茶为砧木的嫁接苗总氮含量、总磷含量和总钾含量均最高,分别为849.23、667.58、532.98 mg。综合评价结果表明以本地越南油茶做砧木最适宜于‘海油1号’油茶的嫁接育苗,其次为油茶‘岑软2号’。研究结果为海南特色油茶的良种壮苗培育提供了科学依据。Camellia vietnamensis ‘Haiyou 1＇ grafted onto four sprout-stocks Camellia vietnamensis（from Haian）,Camellia oleifera ‘ Cenruan 2＇（from Guangxi）, Camellia oleifera ‘ Xianglin XLC15＇（from Hunan） and Camellia gauchowensis（ from Guangdong） were investigated to study the effects of different rootstocks on the survival percentage of grafting, growth and nutrient contents of C. vietnamensis seedlings in Hainan, China. The results showed that the survival rate of the seedling grafted on C. vietnamensis was the highest（ 95.0%）, while the lowest rootstock was ‘ Xianglin XLC15＇, which was only 50.0%. Meanwhile, the highest seedling height, ground diameter and total fresh weight of the two-year-old seedlings were obtained by the plants grafted on C.vietnamensis, the value was 50.75 cm, 5.19 cm and 38.64 g, followed by ‘Cenruan 2＇, ‘Xianglin XLC15＇ and C.gauchowensis. The root/shoot ratio of different rootstocks was C. gauchowensis ‘ Xianglin XLC15＇ C.vietnamensis ‘Cenruan 2＇. The average chlorophyll content（77.58） of the seedlings grafted on C. vietnamensis was significant higher than that of the other seedlings, and the lowest was ‘ Xianglin XLC15＇. The contents of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were the highest from the self-rooted and that was 849.23, 667.58 and532.98 mg respectively. Comprenhsive evaluation indicated that C. vietnamensis was the most suitable rootstock for the grafting of C. vietnamensis ‘Haiyou 1＇, followed by C. oleifera ‘Cenruan 2＇, and this provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of the seedling of Hainan oiltea.

关 键 词：油茶 砧木 生长量 养分含量 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]