核燃料循环设施烟囱排放高度优化研究  

Study of Optimal Stack Height in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities

作　　者：盛青[1] 汪萍[1] 滕柯延[1] 林樱[2] 王一川[1] 吕彩霞[1] 张露[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [2]环境保护部环境工程评估中心,北京100012

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2017年第4期60-65,共6页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金："放射性污染土壤的评价与污染治理方法研究"(社会公益研究专项计划)资助

摘　　要：为进一步优化核设施气载流出物烟囱排放高度,统筹考虑环境和经济效益,采用CAIRDOS程序模拟预测7种排放高度情景下,某核设施气载流出物所致厂址5 km范围内长期大气弥散因子和所致公众个人有效剂量的分布。研究结果表明,核燃料循环设施流出物对环境和公众影响较大的放射性核素为U-234,长期弥散因子和所致公众个人有效剂量最大值均出现在东南东(ESE)方位。10 m、30 m和60 m烟囱下所致公众个人有效剂量的峰值分别为80 m烟囱的6.78倍、3.41倍和1.60倍,因此增加烟囱高度可有效减少公众个人有效剂量。150 m和200 m烟囱下所致公众个人有效剂量的峰值分别为80 m烟囱的39.32%和32.51%,因而过高的烟囱可进一步减少公众个人有效剂量,但剂量的减小幅度明显小于烟囱高度的增加幅度。综合考虑环境影响和经济效益,一般情况下,核设施优先考虑的烟囱高度为80 m。In order to turther optimize the stack height in nuclear facilities by considering environmental and eeonotnic benefits as a whole, the CAIRDOS program is used to study the distribution of long term atmospheric dispersion factor and public personal effective dose within 5 km range of the facility under simulation scenarios of seven different emission altitudes in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. The results showed that the radionuclide U-234 has greater public effect among the effluents of nuclear fuel cycle facilities, and the greatest values of both long term atmospheric dispersion factor and public personal effective dose were found in ESE orientation. Peak values of public personal effective dose at the stack height of 10 m, 30 m and 60 m were 6.78, 3.41 and 1.60 times of that at the stack height of 80 m respectively, which suggested that the high stack can effectively reduce the public personal effective dose. However, peak values of public personal effective dose at the stack height of 150 m and 200 m were 39.32% and 32.51% of that at the stack height of 80 m respectively. Thus, high chimney can further reduee the public personal effective dose, but the decreased amplitude of dose is less than the growth of the stack height. Considering the environmental impact and economic benefits, the optimal stack height of nuclear facilities is 80 m.

关 键 词：核燃料循环设施 CAIRDOS程序 烟囱高度 环境影响 

分 类 号：X771[环境科学与工程—环境工程]