盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区互花米草入侵后三种生境中越冬鸟类群落格局  

Pattern of Wintering Bird Community in Three Habitats after Invasion of Spartina alterniflora in Yancheng National Nature Reserve

作　　者：张燕[1] 孙勇[1] 鲁长虎[1] 张亚兰[1] 吕士成 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [2]盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区,江苏盐城224057

出　　处：《湿地科学》2017年第3期433-441,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30160432);江苏省高校优势学科建设项目资助

摘　　要：互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵沿海湿地后,会与本地植物进行竞争,从而形成本土植物与入侵植物群落共存的景观。对不同生境中鸟类群落格局的比较研究,有助于评估植物入侵对鸟类群落的影响。2014年11月中旬至2015年2月下旬,对盐城自然保护区核心区中心路南侧3种植物生境中越冬鸟类的种类、数量、鸟类觅食行为与基底等进行了研究。结果表明,3种生境中共记录39种鸟类。芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落生境越冬期鸟类均匀度指数、多样性指数和优势度指数最大,碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)群落生境、互花米草群落生境的3种指数依次减小。Jaccard相似性分析结果表明,互花米草群落生境与互花米草群落—芦苇群落交错带的鸟类群落极其相似;芦苇群落生境与碱蓬群落生境、互花米草群落生境的鸟类群落分别属中等不相似;碱蓬群落生境与互花米草群落生境的鸟类群落极不相似。棕头鸦雀(Paradoxornis webbianus)等8种鸟可以分别作为3种不同生境的指示种。在剩余信息40%的水平上,冬季鸟类群落可以聚为6个取食集团,除趋势对应分析排序结果表明,鸟类群落在轴1上可以分为3个类群。不同生境内的鸟类群落组成各异,且在不同生境有明显的指示种,鸟类群落的取食结构与生境内空间资源存在联系。在很多珍稀鸟类越冬过程中,本地物种碱蓬群落生境占据了重要地位,但是受芦苇群落和互花米草群落的双重竞争,其面积在逐渐减少,亟需加强保护与恢复。Invasive plant species （Spartina alterniflora） was introduced to the coastal wetlands and competed with the native species, which resulted in the coexistence of native plants and invasive plant communities. A comparative study on the patterns of bird communities in three vegetation habitats contributed to evaluate the effects of plant invasion on the bird communities. From mid-November 2014 to late February 2015, bird spe- cies richness, numbers, the bird feeding behavior and base were investigated in the three plant habitats in the south of the central area of the Yancheng National Nature Reserve. The results showed that a total of 39 bird species were recorded in these habitats, the evenness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson di- versity index in the habitats of Phragmites australis, Suaeda glauca and Spartina alterniflora communities decreased successively. The results of Jaccard similarity analysis demonstrated that bird communities were remarkably similar between habitat of Spartina alterniflora community and ecotone of Spartina alterniflora com- munity and Phragmites australis community; those were moderately dissimilar between habitat of Phragmites australis community and habitat of Spartina alterniflora community, and habitat of Suaeda glauca community; those were not similar between habitats of Suaeda glauca community and Spartina alterniflora community. Eight species of birds such as Vinous-throated Parrotbill （Paradoxornis webbianus） could be used as the indica- tor species in the habitats respectively. Bird species could be clustered into 6 groups on the 40% of the rest in- formation, and species could be divided into 3 groups on axis 1 of the detrended correspondence analysis. The results showed that bird community composition was different in different habitats, and different habitats had obvious indicator species respectively, there was a link between the feeding structures of bird community and the space resources in the habitats. The local plants of Suaeda salsa community p

关 键 词：互花米草 芦苇 碱蓬 鸟类群落 越冬 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]