温室连续栽培对藏红花小球茎繁育的促进作用及对藏红花质量的影响  

Effect of Consecutive Cultivation Under the Greenhouse Condition on Small Corm Propagation and Quality of Crocus sativus

作　　者：钱晓东[1] 姚冲[1] 周桂芬[2] 吕圭源[2] 沈飞 冷华南 李晓红[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖州市中心医院,浙江湖州313003 [2]浙江中医药大学,浙江杭州310053 [3]湖州市林业技术推广站,浙江湖州313000 [4]湖州市林业科学研究所,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《中药材》2017年第2期264-268,共5页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81403032);浙江省自然科学基金青年基金项目(LQ15H280001);浙江省中医药科技计划科学研究基金项目(2015ZB112);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(2015C33272);湖州市科技计划公益性一般项目(2014GYB01;2014GY04);浙江省公益技术应用研究(分析测试)项目(2014C37054)

摘　　要：目的:研究温室大棚连续栽培技术对藏红花侧芽发育的小球茎繁育的促进作用及对藏红花质量的影响。方法:通过温室大棚适当提高冬季地温,提供藏红花植株生长更适宜温度,通过提早种植,延长藏红花繁殖生长期,提高藏红花大球茎繁殖率。以球茎繁殖系数,繁育出的大球茎比例为指标,对种植时间、小球茎重量等级、栽培年限和球茎繁殖方式进行研究;并以开花数量、花丝重量和柱头中有效成分含量为指标,对球茎繁殖方式和开花培育方式进行考察。结果:利用温室大棚栽培能把小球茎繁育成能开花的大球茎,并且种植时间越早,母球重量越大,繁育出能开花的大球茎的比例越高。连续两年栽培的繁殖系数是单年栽培的2.9倍,繁育出15 g以上球茎的数量是单年栽培的2.6倍。温室大棚内繁殖的球茎与"二段式"露地繁殖的球茎,室内培育开花,开花数量和花丝重量以及柱头中总藏红花苷、苦藏花素和藏花醛的含量无显著差异;但球茎室内培育开花,柱头中苦藏花素和总藏红花苷的含量比露地培育开花含量高,两类成分分别比露地培育开花高65.0%和27.8%。结论:温室连续栽培对藏红花小球茎繁育有较大的促进作用,但室外露地培育开花的藏红花质量较差。建议连续两年温室栽培后,将收获的球茎分类,15 g以上球茎按传统"二段式"栽培,以培育高质量藏红花花丝为目标;15 g以下球茎提早种植连续两年栽培,以增加球茎繁殖率为目标。Objective：To study the promoting effect of consecutive cultivation under the greenhouse condition on the propagation of small corms,and study the quality of Crocus sativus.Methods：The temperature in winter was raised by using the greenhouse in order to provide a more optimal temperature for corm growth of Crocus sativus.The multiplication growth period was prolonged by early planting,and increased the reproduction rate of large progeny corms.Multiplication rates of progeny corms and the proportion of large progeny corms were used as the index to study the effect of planting time,seed corm weight,growing years and propagation methods of small corms.The flower number,stigma weight,and content of effective component in filament were used as the index to optimize the way of corm propagation and cultivating flowers.Resuhs：The small corms could be propagated into large corms which cultivated under the greenhouse condition,and the cue ball weight was greater when planted in the earlier planting time,and the rate which produced large flowering bulbs was larger.The propagation rate of two subsequent years was 2.9 times larger than that of one year,and the progeny corms weight above 15 g was 2.6 times larger than that of one year.There were no statistically differences on the number of flowers and silk weight between the corms propagated under the greenhouse and under open field in＂ two stage cultivation＂,and there was no significant differences in the content of total crocins,picrocrocin and safranal.The content of picrocrocin and total crocins from Crocus sativus cultivated indoors were sepatately higher by 65.0% and 27.8% than outdoors,respectively.Conclusion：Continuous cultivation under the greenhouse has promoting effect on the propagation of small corms,but the quality of Crocus sativus cultivated in open field is poorer.The present study indicates that small corms should be graded after two year management cycle under the greenhouse condition.Small corms heavier than 15 g should be cultivated through ＂

关 键 词：藏红花 小球茎 温室大棚 繁殖率 连续栽培 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]