口下颌沟的解剖学研究与老化分析  

Anatomical study and aging analysis of the labiomandibular fold

作　　者：杨柠泽[1] 刘阳子[1] 王志军[1] 李月[1] 苏晓玮[1] 张杰[1] 石恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连大学附属新华医院整形外科,116000

出　　处：《中华整形外科杂志》2017年第4期290-295,共6页Chinese Journal of Plastic Surgery

摘　　要：目的通过对口下颌沟区域的解剖学及组织学研究，探讨面下部口下颌沟老化特征的形成机制。方法①选取新鲜成人尸头标本8具，男5具，女3具，用亚甲蓝溶液对每具尸头的一侧面部进行面颊部脂肪室和口下颌脂肪室的注射，2个蓝色脂肪室间未被着色的区域即为口下颌沟区域。②在同具尸头的另一侧面部，结合肉眼观察，选取对称标记的口下颌沟区域进行逐层解剖。观察各个解剖结构的层次、位置、特征及其毗邻关系，并做文字和图像记录。③切取对称标记的口下颌沟区域，将其脱水、石蜡包埋后行10 μm薄层横断面连续软组织切片，然后进行HE染色和Masson染色。 结果口下颌沟位于降口角肌表面，从口角延伸至下颌缘。其上界由降口角肌插入皮肤的假性韧带——口下颌沟韧带构成，下界由下颌韧带构成。口下颌沟的内、外侧脂肪室分别为口下颌脂肪室和面颊部脂肪室，且外侧脂肪室中的脂肪组织较内侧脂肪室疏松、体积更大、颜色更鲜亮。组织学上的观察结果与大体解剖的研究结果相一致。结论根据口下颌沟的解剖学特点，推测口下颌沟畸形的形成原因可能是：口下颌沟韧带和下颌韧带随着年龄的增长逐渐松弛变薄，口下颌沟内、外侧脂肪室中的脂肪组织在结构和形态上存在差异等均可致使口下颌沟外侧软组织下垂。ObjectiveTo discuss the formation mechanism of the aging characteristics of the labiomandibular fold in the lower face, through anatomical and histological study of the labiomandibular fold area. Methods①The methylene blue dye was injected into the jowl fat compartment and the labiomandibular fat compartment which were located in one side of the face of adult fresh cadaveric heads（5 male, 3 female）, the labiomandibular fold area was the uncolored region which between the two colored fat compartments. ②Combining with the observation by eyes, symmetrical region of theobjective ly marked labiomandibular fold on the other side of the face in the same head was selected to dissect with microsurgery technique under microscope. The locations, characteristics and adjacent relationships of the anatomical structures of the labiomandibular fold were observed carefully. During the experiment, some related tissues were measured by vernier caliper and recorded by the text and image. ③The symmetrical region of the marked labiomandibular fold with the methylene blue dye （step①） was cut, dehydrated, imbedded in paraffin and serially sliced in cross-section with the thickness of 10 μm. After that, the sections were used to perform HE stain and Masson stain. ResultsThe labiomandibular fold is the area of the face which located in the surface of the depressor anguli oris muscle and extends from the mouth corner to the mandibular border. The superior boundary of the labiomandibular fold is formed by the cutaneous insertion of the depressor anguli oris muscle around the mouth corner. The inferior boundary is the mandibular ligament. The lateral and medial area of the labiomandibular fold are the jowl fat compartment and the labiomandibular fat compartment respectively. However, the adipose tissue of the jowl fat compartment is bigger, thicker, looser and lighter in color. Theresult of the histologic evaluation are consistent with the findings of the gross anatomy. ConclusionsAccording to the characteristics of

关 键 词：口下颌沟 面部支持韧带 面部老化 显微解剖 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]