有机磷水解酶的挖掘、改造及应用  

Recent advances in discovery,engineering and applications of organophosphorus hydrolases

作　　者：白云鹏[1] 程欢[1] 许建和[1] Yunpeng Bai Huan Cheng Jianhe Xu(State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, Chin)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学,生物反应器工程国家重点实验室,上海200237

出　　处：《微生物学报》2017年第8期1168-1179,共12页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划(15PJ1401200);国家自然科学基金(21536004,21505044)~~

摘　　要：有机磷化合物是一类广泛用作杀虫剂、增塑剂、阻燃剂的有毒化学品,由于难以降解而在农产品、水体和土壤中逐渐累积,容易引发严重的食品安全和环境污染问题。有机磷的酶促降解具有反应速度高和绿色环保等优点,是当前的研究热点。本文综述了近年来在有机磷水解酶的挖掘、改造及应用方面的研究进展,提出了进一步发展所面临的挑战和未来的研究方向,旨在为有机磷化合物的生物降解研究提供参考。Organophosphorus compounds are highly toxic chemicals and widely used as insecticides, plasticizers and flame retardants. Due to the difficulty of degradation these toxic chemicals have gradually accumulated in agricultural products, waters and soils, raising serious public concems regarding health, environment and food safety. The enzymatic degradation of organophosphorus compounds is highly efficient and environmental friendly, which is the current research hotspot. This paper reviewed recent advances in discovery, engineering and applications of organophosphorus hydrolases, and highlighted the current challenges and the future research directions with the aim to provide an insight into the biodegradation of organophosphorus compounds.

关 键 词：有机磷水解酶 理性设计 随机突变 高通量筛选 生物降解 

分 类 号：Q55[生物学—生物化学]