中国高校数量规模对经济发展影响的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Chinese Higher Education Institutions' Quantity on Economic Development

作　　者：郑浩[1] 张印鹏 Zheng Hao Zhang Yinpeng(Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 School of Economics ＆ Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学高等教育研究院,博士研究生北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,博士研究生北京100191

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2017年第8期68-73,共6页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金2016年应急管理项目"创新型国家建设的人才战略及其教育对策研究"(71641008)的研究成果

摘　　要：基于1987—2015年29个省市的面板数据,借助"高校数量与经济发展的关系模型",重点分析了我国高校数量规模变化及其对经济发展的影响。研究发现:30余年来,我国高校密度明显提升,但仍不足以应对即将到来的高等教育普及化;高校数量增长对经济发展具有积极的推动作用且存在边际效益,具体表现在,扩招后高校数量规模发展对人均GDP的拉动作用减弱,同时人力资本和创新专利对经济增长的推动作用减弱且不显著;高校数量对经济推动的作用存在区域差别,中部地区作用最大,其次是东部地区,西部地区作用最小且呈现出负相关。建议国家进一步加大高等教育投入,扩大高校数量规模;提高高等教育质量,释放高等教育红利;改革创新创业与就业的体制机制,加快科技成果转化和人力资本价值的实现;平衡东中西部高校结构,促进高等教育公平。Based on the panel data of 29 provinces from 1987 to 2015, this paper used the model about ＇the relation between HEIs＇ quantity and economic development＇ to quantitatively investigates the developing change of Chinese HEIs＇ quantity and the impact of the HEIs＇ quantity on economic development in China. According to the research result, it shows that Chinese university density improved significantly in the last 30 years, but it still not enough to cope with the popularization of higher education the upcoming; HEIs＇ quantity plays a positive role in promoting economic development and there are the diminishing marginal benefits; Specifically, the HEIs＇ quantity has less stimulating effect on the per capita GDP after the enrollment expansion. At the same time, the affection of human capital and innovation patent in promoting economic growth are weakened and not significant. Furthermore,there are certain differences of the impacts of HEIs＇ quantity on economic development between different, mainly reflected in promoting role to middle part and east part, but it has negative effect on west part. Therefore, the future policy should focus on increasing higher educational investment, enlarging HEIs scale; enhancing the quality of higher education; deepening structural reform of innovative entrepreneurship and employment to enhance the contribution of human capital and transformation of scientific achievements; restructuring Chinese HEIs structure to promote equity in Higher Education.

关 键 词：高校数量规模 经济发展 边际效益 区域比较 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]