再论珠江口伶仃洋开发与治理问题  

Re-discussion on the Development and Management of the Lingdingyang Bay at Pearl River Estuary

作　　者：李平日[1] 周晴[1] LI Pingri ZHOU Qing(Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application//Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou 510070, China)

机构地区：[1]广州地理研究所//广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室,广州510070

出　　处：《热带地理》2017年第4期620-626,共7页Tropical Geography

摘　　要：珠江口伶仃洋近几年迅猛开发,沿岸有广州、香港、深圳等特大城市,近日又被定为"粤港澳大湾区"。这一战略必将大大提升珠江口伶仃洋的经济地位和发展速度,对大珠三角的发展将起到极大的推动作用。文章从国家及区域经济发展政策对伶仃洋周边地理区位的优势提升着眼,结合其自然历史演变特征,分析其在开发过程中由于围海造地过于迅猛、人为作用对地形演变已占主导作用而诱致的系列问题,总结认为:1)填海造地过快过猛,必将加快"伶仃洋"变成"伶仃河"的速率;2)新填海区地基沉陷问题凸显,将会为地区自然环境带来安全隐患;3)围海造地导致的纳潮量减少削弱了潮汐动力,这对两岸地区的半咸水养殖业、河涌淤积与排污等产生重要影响;4)生态环境的恶化对区域生物多样性的影响将具有不可逆性。结合上述现实,提出应从"粤港澳大湾区"的高度谋划珠江口伶仃洋的开发治理问题,建议重视中央层面的宏观调度、科研先行、生态优先,将该区域打造成新兴的"增长极"。Lingdingyang Bay at Pearl River Estuary has seen rapid development in recent years. It has such megalopoli as Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Shenzhen along the banks and is recently defined as the＂Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area＂. This strategy will certainly greatly improve the economic status and development speed of Lingdingyang Bay at Pearl River Estuary, which in turn will greatly speed up the development of the greater Pearl River Delta （PRD）. Focusing on how national and regional economic development policies enhance the advantages of the geographical locations surrounding Lingdingyang Bay and taking into the evolution characteristics of its natural history, this paper discusses the series of issues during the development of Lingdingyang Bay caused by rapid land reclaiming from the sea by building dykes and the predominant effects of human effects in landform evolution. The following conclusions are drawn： 1） Too rapid land reclaiming will surely speed up the change of Lingdingyang Bay to Lingdingyang Bend; 2） foundation settlement issues are emerging in the newly reclaimed area, which will bring hidden dangers to the natural environment of the region; 3） reduction in tidal prism caused by land reclaiming weakens tidal power, which has important effects on brackish aquaculture, river and stream sedimentation and sewage discharge, etc.; 4） the deterioration of eco-environment will have irreversible effects on regional biodiversity. Taking together, it is suggested that the development and management of Lingdingyang Bay at Pearl River Estuary be planned from the perspective of ＂Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area＂ and attention be paid to the macro-dispatch, scientific research first, and ecology first of the central government layer so as to build the region into a new ＂growth pole＂.

关 键 词：河口演变 围海造地 纳潮量 珠江口 粤港澳大湾区 伶仃洋 

分 类 号：P942[天文地球—自然地理学]