养殖美洲鲥的生长特性  

Growth Characteristics of Cultured American Shad Alosa sapidissima

作　　者：施永海[1] 徐嘉波[1] 陆根海[1] 张海明[1] 严银龙[1] 谢永德[1] 税春 

机构地区：[1]上海市水产研究所,上海市水产技术推广站,上海200433

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2017年第4期638-645,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目[沪农科攻字(2014)第7-1-9号];上海市科学技术委员会重点攻关项目(No.16391900400);上海长江口主要经济水生动物人工繁育工程技术研究中心项目(No.13DZ2251800)

摘　　要：通过对各周年生长阶段的养殖美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)体长、体重的测量与分析,研究了工厂化养殖美洲鲥的周年生长特性。养殖美洲鲥雌雄鱼的体长与体重关系均呈幂函数增长相关,其方程分别为,雌:W=0.8062×10^(-5) L^(3.1113)(n=122,R^2=0.997 5,P<0.01);雄:W=1.0047×10^(-5) L^(3.0574)(n=125,R^2=0.997 5,P<0.01),b均接近于3,呈等速生长;雌雄鱼生长均可分快速生长期(0^+龄)、稳定生长期(1^+龄)、生长衰老期(2^+龄)三个时期,雌鱼生长快于雄鱼。拟合出von Bertallanffy生长方程,雌:Lt=467.92(1﹣e^(-0.5748(t+0.1710))),Wt=1637.72(1﹣e^(-0.5748(t+0.1710)))^(3.1113);雄:Lt=389.21(1﹣e^(-0.7374(t+0.1975))),Wt=834.08(1﹣e^(-0.7374(t+0.7189)))^(3.0574)。雌雄鱼体重生长拐点分别位于1.517 8 a和1.224 7 a,属性成熟拐点,拐点前生长较快;拐点后,特别是性成熟后(2龄),2^+龄鱼的生长速度明显降低;同时,2龄鱼繁殖季节过后会出现大量死亡。建议商业化工厂化养殖美洲鲥以2龄前上市为宜。The American Shad （Alosa sapidissima） is an anadromous fish species with ecological importance on the east coast of North America. At present, it has a potential for aquaculture in China due to its commercial importance and high market value. To evaluate and determine growth characteristics of A. sapidissima, we measured the standard length and body weight of industrially cultured A. sapidissima （n = 217） （the basic culture conditions were shown in Table 1）. The results showed： The relationships between body length and weight could be described by the power function： W = 0.8062 × 10^-5L^3.1113 （n = 122, R2 = 0.997 5, P 〈 0.01） for female （♀）; W = 1.0047 × 10^-5L^3.0574 （n = 125, R2 = 0.997 5, P 〈 0.01） for male （♂） （Fig. 1）, those values b all were closed to 3, this means an isometric growth; There were three stages in the growth of female and male （Table 2）： Fast growth stage （0＋ age）, the specific growth rates of body length （SL） and body weight （SW） were 63.54%/a﹣165.49%/a and 512.37%/a﹣519.15%/a, respectively; Steady growth stage （1＋ age）, the SL and SW were 44.85%/a﹣48.05%/a and 110.15%/a﹣126.48%/a, respectively; Aging growth stage （2＋ age）, the SL and SW were 4.13%/a﹣10.29%/a and 32.16%/a﹣61.30%/a, respectively. The condition factors of 0-age and 2-age fish were significantly lower （P 〈 0.05） than that of 1-age and 3-age fish （Table 2）. From the beginning of 2-age, the condition factors of female were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that of male （Table 2）. The females grew faster than the males. The growth of intensively cultured A. sapidissima was in a constant speed which can be described with von Bertalanffy equation： Lt = 467.92 （1﹣e^-0.5748 （t ＋ 0.1710）） （♀）, Lt = 389.21 （1﹣e^-0.7374 （t ＋ 0.1975）） （♂） （Fig. 2）; Wt = 1637.72 （1﹣e^-0.5748 （t ＋ 0.1710））3.1113 （♀）, Wt = 834.08 （1﹣e^-0.7374 （t ＋ 0.7189））3.0574 （♂） （

关 键 词：美洲鲥 工厂化养殖 生长 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]