潮褐土上蔬菜产量和土壤各形态磷变化对长期过量施磷的响应  

Responses of vegetable yield and changes of phosphorus fractions in cinnamon soil to long-term excess phosphorus application

作　　者：廖文华[1] 刘建玲[1] 黄欣欣[1] 高志岭[1] 杨羚[1] LIAO Wen-hua LIU Jian-ling HUANG Xin-xin GAO Zhi-ling YANG Ling(College of Resources and Environmental Science, Agricultural University ofHebei, Baoding 071000, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年第4期894-903,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：河北农业大学中青年骨干教师境外研修项目;河北省科技支撑项目(15226421;12220204D)资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期连续过量施用磷肥下蔬菜的产量响应、磷肥去向及土壤各形态磷库的动态变化。【方法】在太行山山前平原典型潮褐土上,连续进行11年21茬露地蔬菜的长期定位肥料试验,P2O5年施用量设0(P0)、360(P1)、720(P2)、1080(P3)、1440(P4)kg/hm^2共5个处理,分别测定每茬蔬菜产量及各年土壤不同形态磷素含量。【结果】与不施磷肥处理比较,单季P2O5用量180、360、540、720 kg/hm^2均显著增加大白菜、菜豆产量,不同磷肥用量间蔬菜产量均无显著差异。P2O5年用量为360、720、1080、1440 kg/hm^2,土壤年盈余磷为41.2~478.7 kg/hm^2,积累率为26.2%~76.1%。与基础土比较,随着磷肥用量的增加,土壤有效磷、全磷、无机磷总量及无机磷中的Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P含量均呈显著增加趋势,无机磷中的O-P、Ca10-P含量无显著变化。P2O5年用量为720、1080、1440 kg/hm^2处理土壤的有效磷年均增加量为2.3、4.2、5.0 mg/kg;土壤有效磷增加量与磷盈余量呈显著直线正相关关系,土壤磷素每盈余100 kg/hm^2,有效磷、Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P含量分别增加1.13、2.41、15.27、4.14、1.37 mg/kg。随着土壤磷盈余量和施肥年限的增加,有效磷占全磷比重、Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P占无机磷比重逐渐增加。【结论】施用磷肥显著增加大白菜和菜豆产量,过量施用磷肥蔬菜产量无显著变化;土壤磷素处于盈余状态下,随着磷肥用量的增加或种植年限的增加,土壤积累磷的有效性随之增加。基于蔬菜对磷肥产量响应和土壤磷素收支表观平衡状况,露地大白菜P2O5推荐用量180 kg/hm^2,菜豆270 kg/hm^2。[ Objectives ] This study explored the vegetable yield responses to long term excess phosphorus （P） applications, fates and changes of P fractions in cinnamon soil. [ Methods ] A phosphorous fertilization field experiment was consecutively conducted for 11 years, 21 vegetable seasons in total in the Piedmont Plain of Taihang Mountain. The five application rates were P205 0, 360, 720, 1080 and 1440 kg/hm2, named as CK, P1, P2, P3 and P4. The vegetable yields were investigated, and the contents of different fractions of soil inorganic P were measured. [ Results ] Comparing with CK, the treatments of P205 180, 360, 540 and 720 kg/hm2 for annual all had significantly higher vegetable yields. However, no significant differences were observed in vegetable yields among P2, P3 and P4 application rates. With the single vegetable season application rates of P2O5 360, 720, 1080 and 1440 kg/hm~, the measured surplus P in soil were as 41.2-478.7 kg/hm~, equivalent to 26.2%-76.1% of their application rates. With the increase of P input rates, the soil Olsen-P, total P, inorganic P fractions including Ca2-P, CaB-P, A1-P and Fe-P showed trends of increasing, less change in O-P and Ca8-P contents were observed.The annual P205 input of 720, 1080 and 1440 kg/hm2 had led to annual increase of 2.3, 4.2 and 5.0 mg/kg available P contents, respectively. Linear correlation was found between soil P surplus and soil availabe P content. After calculation, every increase of 100 kg/hm2 of total soil P surplus will lead to annual increasing in contents of soil Olsen-P, Ca：P, Ca：P, A1-P and Fe-P of 1.13, 2.41, 15.27, 4.14 and 1.37 mg/kg, respectively, indicating an accumulation order of Cas-P 〉 A1-P 〉 Ca2-P 〉 Fe-P 〉 Olsen-P. Meanwhile, the proportions of Olsen-P in total P and the proportions of Ca2-P, Ca：P and A1-P in the total inorganic P increased with the elongation of cultivation years. [ Conclusions ] When growing cabbage and kidney bean on cinnamon soil, P fertilization rate at 180 kg/hm2 can significantly increase yie

关 键 词：长期定位施肥 潮褐土 磷肥 蔬菜 产量 磷形态 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S63[农业科学—农业基础科学]