群体密度对玉米茎秆农艺性状、力学特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Population Density on Stalk Agronomic Traits, Mechanical Properties, and Yield of Maize

作　　者：邓妍[1] 王创云[1] 郭虹霞[1] 张丽光[1] 赵丽[1] 王陆军[1] 牛学谦[1] 王美霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《作物杂志》2017年第4期89-95,共7页Crops

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201503124);山西省青年科技研究基金项目(201601D202076);山西省农业科学院博士研究基金项目(YBSJJ1604);三晋学者支持计划专项经费

摘　　要：针对山西省雨养区春玉米倒伏引起的减产问题,选用玉米品种郑单958和晋单86为材料,设5.25万、6.00万、6.75万、7.50万和8.25万株/hm^2 5个密度处理,分析玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的变化特点及其与产量和倒伏率的关系,明确影响玉米产量和倒伏率的主要茎秆节间因素。结果表明,随群体密度的增加,郑单958茎秆各节间长度和直径均先增加后降低,且在密度7.50万株/hm^2时最大;晋单86茎秆各节间长度显著增加,直径显著降低。随群体密度增加,茎秆各节间干重、单位茎长干重、硬皮穿刺强度、弯曲能力均先增加后降低,郑单958密度7.50万株/hm^2时最大,晋单86密度6.00万株/hm^2时最大,且晋单86在密度6.00万株/hm^2处理与其他处理间差异均显著。相关分析表明,硬皮穿刺强度和弯曲能力与节间长度呈显著或极显著负相关,与节间干重和单位茎长干重呈极显著正相关;产量与节间干重、单位茎长干重、硬皮穿刺强度和弯曲性能呈显著或极显著正相关;倒伏率与第3节间直径、节间干重、单位茎长干重、茎秆硬皮穿刺强度和弯曲能力呈显著或极显著负相关。郑单958和晋单86产量分别以密度7.50万、6.00万株/hm^2处理最高,分别较其他密度处理提高8%~26%、20%~30%。For the lodging problem on spring maize in the rain-fed area of Shanxi Province, two varieties with different stalk lodging resistance （dense variety Zhengdan 958 and dilute variety Jindan 86） were chosen as materials, and five population density treatments of 5.25, 6.00, 6.75, 7.50, and 8.25×104/hm2 were set to analyze the change characteristics of stalk lodging resistant and agronomic traits of maize, meanwhile their relationship between stalk traits and the yield, stalk traits and lodging rate were discussed. The results showed that each stalk internode length and diameter of Zhengdan 958 first increased and then decreased, the highest density treatment was 7.50×104/hm2, while the each stalk internode length of Jindan 86 significantly increased, and the diameter significantly decreased. With the increase of plants group density, the dry weight of internode, dry weight of unit internode, puncture strength, stalk bending capacity all showed a trend of first increased and after decreased, the highest density treatment of Zhengdan 958 was 7.50×104/hm2, while the highest density treatment of Jindan 86 was 6.00×104/hm2, which had a significant difference with other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that the puncture strength and bending ability were negatively correlated with internode length significantly, and positively correlated with internode dry weight and the dry weight of unit internode significantly. Lodging rate showed a close negative correlate with internode diameter, the dry weight of internode, the dry weight of unit intemode, the stalk skin puncture strength and bending capacity of the third internode. Finally, the highest yield of Zhengdan 958 and Jingdan 86 were 7.50×104/hm2 and 6.00×104/hm2, respectively, increased by 8%-26% and 20%-30%.

关 键 词：玉米 群体密度 茎秆 农艺性状 力学性状 产量 倒伏率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]