适用于立方体卫星的激光测距合作目标  

Laser ranging cooperative target for CubeSat

作　　者：罗青山[1,2] 郭唐永[2] 姚运生[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地球物理研究所,北京100081 [2]中国地震局地震研究所中国地震局地震大地测量重点实验室,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2017年第7期1705-1713,共9页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.41274189);中国地震局地震研究所所长基金资助项目(No.IS201226038;No.IS201506210)

摘　　要：为了给立方体卫星星载GPS定轨数据提供检核标准,并满足高精度测定轨道的应用要求,通过在10cm×10cm×10cm的标准立方体卫星的每个表面分布3个通光口径为1.0cm的微小激光反射器,设计了质量约为108g、视场角满足360°、测距精度可达厘米级的激光测距合作目标。根据角锥棱镜的二面角误差、反射面面形误差及入射面面形误差所引起的光束附加相位,分析角锥棱镜在远场的衍射分布特性;接着,根据激光合作目标在卫星上的分布方式,计算激光合作目标的相对有效面积分布;然后,利用激光测距方程估算不同轨道高度的立方体卫星激光反射器回波光子数,并根据卫星质心改正模型估算激光测距精度;最后,以皮卫星激光合作目标测距试验为例,验证了装载在卫星上的1.0cm微小激光反射器能够反射回足够的激光回波信号。结果表明,此种分布方式对于运行在250~1 000km轨道上的立方体卫星能够提供足够的回波信号,激光测距内精度可达厘米级,满足立方体卫星对激光测距合作目标质量轻、分布灵活、测距精度高的要求。In order to provide inspection standards for GPS-based orbit determination data of CubSat and realize high-precision orbit measurement, a laser cooperation target which weights 108 g with a field of view of 360 and ranging accuracy in centimeter was designed by distributing three miniature laser reflectors with aperture of 1.0 cm at all surfaces of a standard CubSats with dimensions of 10 cm10 cm10 cm. According to the additional phase lead by dihedral angle error of the cube corner retroreflector, as well as surface-shape errors of the reflective and incident planes, distribution merits of the cube corner retroreflector in the far field was analyzed. Then, the effective area of the laser cooperation target was calculated based on the distribution mode of laser cooperative targets on the satellite. Furthermore, the returned photon number of the laser reflector on the CubSats with different orbital altitudes was estimated by the laser ranging equation, meanwhile the accuracy of laser ranging was calculated based on the mass-center correction model of the satellite. Finally, a ranging test of pico-satellite laser cooperation target was performed. It is verified that 1.0 cm miniature laser reflectors loaded on the satellite can reflect enough laser echo signals. The result indicates that the distribution mode can provide sufficient echo signals for CubSats running on 250-1 000 km orbit with centimeter-level accuracy within the laser ranging, which meets the requirements of CubSats for light mass, flexible distribution and high ranging accuracy.

关 键 词：激光测距 立方体卫星 激光合作目标 有效反射面积 测距精度 

分 类 号：P228.5[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]