从思想史和国际关系史的视角看巴西与拉丁美洲的关系  

On the Relationship Between Brazil and Latin America from the History of Thoughts and International Relations

作　　者： 陈晨(译)[3] 郭存海(校)[3] 

机构地区：[1]牛津大学巴西研究中心 [2]伍德罗·威尔逊国际学者中心 [3]不详

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年第3期99-122,157,共24页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：本文从思想史和国际关系史的角度审视巴西和拉丁美洲的关系。学界曾普遍认为"拉丁美洲"概念最先是由法国人提出的,但事实上,为了强调共同拥有的历史与文化背景,一些旅居巴黎的西属美洲作家和知识分子早就已经开始使用"拉丁美洲"这种说法了。在取得独立后的1个多世纪里,无论是西属美洲学界还是各共和国政府,都没有将巴西看作是拉丁美洲的一部分。而同一时期,巴西政府与学界将大部分注意力放在了欧洲并从1889年以后开始越来越多地关注美国。冷战期间美国和世界其他国家逐渐将巴西纳入"拉丁美洲"概念,但巴西学界和政府仍不认为巴西是该地区的组成部分。20世纪初美国与巴西间维持了一种特殊的同盟关系,但二战以后,美国既没有帮助巴西获得其所期盼的政治地位,也没有继续向它提供特殊的经济援助。深感失望的巴西政府开始推行旨在增进与南美洲各邻国关系的对外政策。This essay,partly history of ideas and partly of international relations,examines Brazil’s relationship with Latin America.Since the publication in 1968 of John Leddy Phelan’s influential essay,over the past several decades,it is believed that'Latin America'was originally a French concept used by French intellectuals to justify French imperialism in Mexico.However,the expression was in fact first used years earlier by a number of Spanish American writers and intellectuals who lived in Paris,in order to emphasize the common legacy shared by all the Spanish-speaking republics in defense of re-colonization.On the other hand,since the invention of the expression,being the only Portuguese ex-colony among dozens of Spanish ex-colonies,for more than one century after the independence of this continent,neither Spanish American intellectuals nor Spanish American governments considered Brazil part of'America Latina'.For their part,Brazilian intellectuals and governments only had eyes for Europe,and later increasingly on the United States,with which maintained a special relationship since the beginning of 20th century.The relations between Brazil and its Spanish American neighbors were extremely limited with one notable exception:the Río de la Plata where Brazil,like Portugal in the 18th and early 19th centuries,had strategic interests.When,especially during the Cold War,the United States and then the rest of the world began to regard Brazil as part of'Latin America',Brazilian governments and intellectuals,except for some on the Left,still did not think of Brazil as an integral part of the region.Though Brazil continued to be on the side of the United States and the'West'in the Cold War,no special role in the post-war global order or special economic assistance was offered in return as expected.Disappointed for being treated by the United States after the war as simply one of Latin American republics,Brazil adopted a more independent foreign policy since Vargas Administration.At the same time,it pursued a major develop

关 键 词：拉丁美洲 巴西君主制 泛美主义 巴美关系 

分 类 号：D822[政治法律—政治学]