河道一维非恒定流微分结构摩阻公式及其试验论证  

Analysis of 1-D unsteady flow friction in open channel flows and experimental demonstration

作　　者：周俊伟[1] 包为民[1] 孙逸群[1] 张乾[2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司,天津330022

出　　处：《水科学进展》2017年第4期571-578,共8页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51279057);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0402703)~~

摘　　要：传统的恒定流经验摩阻公式作为对恒定流状态下摩阻的总结,建立在摩阻、流速、水深存在单一关系的基础之上。而非恒定流条件下,水文要素的涨落存在先后顺序,各水文要素之间不再是单一关系。为提高一维非恒定流摩阻的模拟精度,考虑水文要素的时空变化对摩阻的影响,运用量纲分析整理出以微分结构表达的摩阻改进公式。并设计实验模拟单峰水流过程,验证公式改进的有效性。结果表明,相对于谢才公式,改进公式提高了对一维非恒定摩阻的模拟精度,有一定的实用价值。The experimental formulas for the frictional resistance in open channel 1-D steady flow are based on oneto-one relationships among the hydraulic parameters. These formulas of frictional losses in steady flow cannot simulate the frictional losses in unsteady flow accurately because the hydraulic parameters reach their peaks at different times and their relationships among themselves are more complex. Therefore,using dimensional analysis,an improved differential structure formula has been developed. The experiment done in this study shows that the improved formula which takes the temporal and spatial variations of hydraulic parameters into account has higher accuracy than that of Chezy formula,and be of practical value.

关 键 词：一维 非恒定流 摩阻损失 微分公式 模拟实验 

分 类 号：TV133[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]