二硝酰胺钾的合成、晶体结构及性能  

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Properties of Potassium Dinitramide

作　　者：雷晴[1] 卢艳华[1] 何金选[1] LEI Qing LU Yan-hua HE Jin-xuan(Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology, Xiangyang Hubei 4zH003, Chin)

机构地区：[1]湖北航天化学技术研究所,湖北襄阳441003

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2017年第2期57-59,64,共4页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：总装备部预先研究项目(No.51328050204)

摘　　要：以N-脒基脲二硝酰胺盐(GUDN)和氢氧化钾为原料合成了二硝酰胺钾(KDN),用元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。培养了KDN的单晶,并通过X射线单晶衍射仪测定了其晶体结构。采用差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)研究了KDN的热分解行为,并测试了其感度。结果表明,KDN晶体属于单斜晶系,P2(1)/n空间群,晶胞参数为:a=0.661 0(11)nm,b=0.927 2(15)nm,c=0.719 4(12)nm,β=97.568(3)°,V=0.437 1(12)nm^3;Z=4;Dc=2.236g/cm^3;F(000)=288。KDN的熔点为128℃,撞击感度大于50cm,摩擦感度为0,静电感度为142.53mJ,感度低于RDX,是一种钝感的二硝酰胺类含能材料。Potassium dinitramide （KDN） was synthesized using N-guanylurea dinitramide （GUDN） and KOH as raw materials.Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）.The single crystal of KDN was cultured and its structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffractometer.The thermal decomposition behavior of KDN was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） and its sensitivities were tested.The results show that the crystal of KDN belongs to monoclinic system,its space group is P2（1）/n with crystal parameters of a=0.6610（11） nm,b=0.9272 （15） nm,c=0.7194 （12） nm,β=97.568（3） °,V=0.4371（12） nm^3;Z=4;Dc=2.236g/cm^3;F（0 0 0）=288.The melting point of KDN is 128 ℃,and its sensitivities are lower than RDX with impact sensitivity of greater than 50cm,friction sensitivity of 0,and electrostatic sensitivity of 142.53mJ,showing that KDN is a kind of dinitramide insensitive energetic material.

关 键 词：有机化学 含能材料 二硝酰胺钾 KDN 晶体结构 热分解行为 感度 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ226[化学工程—有机化工]