控释氮肥拔节期施用对冬小麦产量及干物质、氮素积累与分配的影响  

Effect of Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer as Jointing Fertilizer on Yield,Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution in Winter Wheat

作　　者：李敏[1,2] 武际[1] 韩上 雷之萌 朱卫生 张秋 汪建来[4] 朱林[2] LI Min WU Ji HAN Shang LEI Zhimeng ZHU Weisheng ZHANG Qiu WANG Jianlai ZHU Lin(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei,Anhui 230031 ,China Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suzhou,Anhui 234000,China Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽农业大学,安徽合肥230036 [3]宿州市农业科学院,安徽宿州234000 [4]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2017年第7期955-962,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503122);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(170e1002237);安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金项目(16B1019);安徽省对外科技合作项目(1604b0602022)

摘　　要：为比较控释尿素和普通尿素作为冬小麦拔节肥的施用效果,2015-2016年通过在安徽省太和县及宿州市两地布置冬小麦拔节肥控释尿素机施、普通尿素机施和普通尿素撒施田间大区试验,研究拔节期追施控释尿素和普通尿素对冬小麦产量、氮素含量、SPAD值、贮存物质再分配及经济效益的影响。结果表明,在降水条件较好的太和试验点,控释尿素处理的小麦产量比普通尿素撒施和机施分别显著增加7.2%和12.5%,氮素吸收量分别显著增加16.5%和22.6%,经济效益分别显著增加8.3%和11.5%。拔节期控释尿素施用30d后小麦旗叶SPAD值和氮素含量高于普通尿素处理。控释尿素处理的花后干物质和氮素积累量均显著高于普通尿素处理。在降水条件相对较差的宿州试验点,拔节期施用控释尿素的效果不明显。在降水量丰沛或者灌溉条件好的情况下,拔节期施用控释尿素较普通尿素能显著促进小麦花后干物质和氮素积累,提高产量和经济效益,施用效果较佳。In order to explicit the difference of controlled-release urea and conventional urea,field experiments were conducted in Taihe and Suzhou of Anhui province in the period of 2015-2016.Three treatments as jointing fertilization were conducted,such as controlled-release urea application by machine,conventional urea application by machine,and conventional urea application by labor.The effects of controlled-release urea application as jointing fertilizer on yield,nitrogen content,SPAD value of leaf,reserve redistribution and economic benefit of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that controlled-release urea as jointing fertilizer significantly increased the yield,dry matterand nitrogen accumulation after anthesis and economic benefit in winter wheat.The yield,total N accumulation increments and economic profit of wheat with controlled-release urea application by machine were significantly increased by 7.2% and 12.5%,16.5% and 22.6%,and 8.3% and 11.5% in Taihe,compared with those with conventional urea application by labor and by machine,respectively.SPAD value of flag leaf and nitrogen content in leaf with controlled-release urea application as jointing fertilizer were higher than that with conventional urea applications,and nitrogen content in leaf was positively correlated with SPAD value of leaf at anthesis and heading stages.Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation after anthesis with controlled-release urea application were significantly higher than those with the conventional urea applications.Under the condition of abundant precipitation or irrigation,controlled-release urea application as jointing fertilizer of winter wheat had the optimal effect,which can significantly increase the yield,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation after anthesis and economic benefit of winter wheat.

关 键 词：冬小麦 拔节肥 控释尿素 产量 贮存物质再分配 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311