张掖国家湿地公园冬春季鸟类群落多样性和相似性分析  

Bird community diversity and similarity in Zhangye National Wetland Park of Gansu Province in winter and spring

作　　者：冯威[1,2] 赵成章[1,2] 岳冉[1,2] 张翔 金建鑫 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心,兰州730070 [3]张掖市甘州区黑河湿地国家级自然保护区管理局,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第8期2224-2231,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41461013;91125014);甘肃省生态学重点学科基金项目资助

摘　　要：鸟类群落多样性和相似性的时空格局是认识鸟类环境适应机制的理论基础。在张掖国家湿地公园的保育区,采用样带法研究了冬春季节鸟类群落结构和多样性的异质性。结果表明:1)鸟类多度和丰富度在月际间存在显著差异(P<0.05),鸟类多度呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,丰富度呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势,二者最高值分别出现在3月和11月;留鸟、旅鸟和候鸟的多度和丰富度月际间存在显著差异(P<0.05),3种鸟类群体多度和丰富度的高峰值出现时间不同步。2)随着月份更替,湿地公园鸟类的Shannon多样性指数呈现先减小后增加的变化趋势,而Pielou均匀度指数则相反,Simpson优势度指数与均匀度指数变化趋势相似。3)不同月份间鸟类群落相似性存在差异,在1月和2月最高(0.923)、11月和4月最低(0.348)。湿地公园时间尺度上鸟类多度和丰富度的错峰分异规律和群落间相似性系数差异性,与鸟类群体的迁徙节律、湿地的食物资源和栖息环境密切相关,反映了鸟类的环境筛选适应能力。The spatiotemporal pattern of bird community diversity and similarity is the theoretical basis of understanding the environmental adaptation mechanism of birds. In the conservation area of Zhangye National Wetland Park, the heterogeneity of bird community structure and diversity in winter and spring was studied with transect method. The results showed that there were significant differences in bird abundance and bird richness among months （P〈0.05）. The bird abundance increased first and then decreased, while the richness decreased first and then increased, with the highest values appearing in March and November, respectively. There were significant differences in the abundance and richness of the resident, migratory and passing birds among months （P〈0.05）. The peak values of abundance and richness of the 3 types of bird species didn’t occur simultaneously. With the monthly replacement, Shannon diversity index of birds increased firstly and then decreased, while Pielou evenness index showed an opposite trend. The variation trends of Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index were basically similar. There were differences in the community similarity of birds in different months, the highest （0.923） value was between January and February while the lowest one was between November and April （0.348）. The different peaks of bird abundance and richness distribution on time scales and the difference of similarity coefficient among the communities in the wetland park were closely related to the migrating rhythm of bird population, food resource, and wetland habitat, which reflected the adaptability of birds to environmental screening.

关 键 词：多度 物种丰富度 多样性指数 相似性指数 居留型 张掖国家湿地公园 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]