贵州松桃腊山河洞洞穴动物群落结构与环境因子的关系研究  

A Study on the Relationship between Animal Community Structure and the Cave Environment Factors in Lashanhe Cave in Guizhou

作　　者：温清[1] 杨卫诚[1,2] 陶红梅[1] WEN Qing YANG Weicheng TAO Hongmei(School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China Institute of Karst Caves, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳550001 [2]贵州师范大学喀斯特洞穴研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《四川动物》2017年第4期404-411,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然基金"贵州喀斯特洞穴节肢动物资源及其与环境的关系研究"(31460570);贵州省基金"贵州喀斯特洞穴节肢动物多样性研究"(2017GZ40481)

摘　　要：通过对贵州省松桃县腊山河洞洞穴动物进行采集和调查,共获标本472号,隶属于3门9纲19目33科38种。按个体组成和环境差异,将腊山河洞洞穴动物划分为4个群落,群落多样性分析结果显示,群落A的物种数最多(23)、丰富度最大(4.571 7),群落多样性指数依次为群落A(2.637 9)>B(2.475 7)>C(1.442 3)>D(1.311 5)。群落D均匀度指数最高(0.946 1),虽然群落C物种数较少但形成了较大的类群,所以优势度最高(0.378 8)。群落多样性与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析显示,温度与物种丰富度呈极显著正相关(r=1.000),土壤中汞(Hg)与物种数呈显著正相关(r=0.997),土壤中砷(As)与多样性指数、丰富度、优势度之间呈显著相关,相关系数分别为-1.000、-0.999、0.998。重金属污染评价结果表明,3个光带内土壤重金属Hg、As的综合污染指数均达到重污染等级,而水体中重金属Hg、As的含量均达到国家Ⅲ类地下水质标准,与相关性分析结果相吻合。由此可见,环境中重金属的含量与洞穴动物群落结构密切相关,影响着洞穴动物群落的组成及分布。Through an in-depth investigation in Lashanhe cave,a total of 472 animal specimens belonging to 3 phyla,9 classes,19 orders,33 families and 38 species were obtained,and divided into 4 communities based on individual numbers and environmental differences. The result of community diversity analysis showed that the diversity indices of each community were 2. 637 9（ A）,2. 475 7（ B）,1. 442 3（ C）,and 1. 311 5（ D）,respectively. Specifically,community A showed the highest species number and richness indices,community D showed the highest evenness indices,and community C showed the highest dominance indices. Moreover,although the species number of community C was the lowest,it formed a larger group. The result of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicated that temperature was positively correlated with diversity of community（ 1. 000）. Soil mercury was positively correlated with species number（ 0. 997）,and the correlation coefficient of soil arsenic with diversity index,richness and dominance were-1. 000,-0. 999 and 0. 998,respectively.The comprehensive pollution index reached heavy pollution level after evaluating the soil pollution of heavy metals in Lashanhe cave,while that of water pollution reached the class Ⅲ quality standard for ground water. There is a close relationship between the content of heavy metals and animal community structure in cave.

关 键 词：洞穴动物 汞 砷 群落结构 腊山河洞 贵州 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]