钴镍萃取过程中萃合物配位结构的研究进展  

Research and Prospect on Coordination Structures of Cobalt and Nickel Extracted Complexes during Solvent Extraction: A Review

作　　者：孙启[1] 杨丽梅[1] 黄松涛[1] 徐政[1] 李岩[1] 王巍[1] Sun Qi Yang Limei Huang Songtao Xu Zheng Li Yan Wang Wei(National Engineering Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China)

机构地区：[1]北京有色金属研究总院生物冶金国家工程实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《稀有金属》2017年第7期816-825,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项项目(2014DFA90920)资助

摘　　要：介绍了钴镍冶金的现状和发展方向,论述了钴镍萃取与分离工艺的特点和优势,指出了当前在钴镍萃取与分离方面存在的问题,说明了钴镍萃取反应过程中萃合物空间配位结构研究的必要性;总结了钴镍的物理化学性质、配位数和空间配位结构,讨论了不同配体对钴镍配合物的空间构型的影响,并运用配位场理论,分别从晶体场配位理论和价键理论两个方面分析了不同萃取体系下钴镍配合物的空间构型存在差异的原因;综述了单一萃取体系和协同萃取体系下钴镍的配位数和空间配位结构及其研究方法的国内外最新进展,并利用配位场理论解释了不同萃取体系下钴镍萃合物的差异;指出了当前在钴镍萃合物的配位结构研究方面存在的不足,展望了未来钴镍萃合物结构研究的潜在方法和发展方向,为钴镍萃取工艺实践提供了理论指导。The development status of cobalt and nickel metallurgy was introduced. The characteristic and advantages of recovery and separation of cobalt and nickel by solvent extraction in recent years were discussed. The extraction problems of cobalt and nickel existed during solvent extraction process were disclosed. It was very necessary to study extracted complex structmes of cobalt and nickel. Phys- icochemical properties, coordination numbers and structures of cobalt and nickel were illustrated and effects of ligands on coordination structures of cobalt and nickel were discussed. The differences of coordination numbers and structures of cobalt and nickel extracted complexes which composed with different extractants were summarized and explained with ligand field theory which included crystal field theory and valence-bond theory. Development researches and methods on coordination structures of cobah and nickel extracted complexes with single extractant and synergistic system were reviewed. Shortage of research of extracted complex structures was pro- posed. Potential development direction and research methods that should be further studied were also proposed as well. This review would supply the fundamentals for application of solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel.

关 键 词：钴镍萃取 配合物结构 萃合物结构 协同萃取 配位场理论 

分 类 号：O6-332[理学—化学] X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程]