凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)选育群体与杂交群体遗传多样性差异及其在低温条件下生长性能的比较  

The Difference of Genetic Diversity and the Comparison of Growth Performance Between Selected Population and Hybridized Population of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Under Low Temperature Conditions

作　　者：李东宇[1,2,3] 孟宪红[1,2] 孔杰[1,2] 栾生[1,2] 曹宝祥[1,2] 罗坤[1,2] LI Dongyu MENG Xianhong KONG Jie LUAN Sheng CAO Baoxiang LUO Kun(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071 Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071 Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081)

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,青岛266071 [3]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,无锡214081

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2017年第4期69-77,共9页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(20603022016006);山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GSF115030);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目(2015ASKJ01);泰山学者种业计划专家良种工程项目共同资助~~

摘　　要：选取连续3年选育的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)群体作为选育群体(SP),选育群体与引进的凡纳滨对虾群体的杂交F_1代群体(HP),探究了这2个群体在低温条件下的生长性能及遗传多样性的差异。结果显示,在生长性能方面,HP群体与SP群体的平均体重分别为(13.18±3.65)g和(12.20±3.14)g,变异系数(CV)分别为27.69%和25.74%。HP群体的体重和其他可测量性状的平均值均大于SP群体。单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)表明,2个群体体重(BW)和第3腹节宽(TASW)存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。HP群体的特定增长率(SGR)和绝对增重率(AGR)分别为(5.09±0.61)%/d和(0.26±0.60)g/d,SP群体的SGR和AGR分别为(4.94±0.57)%/d和(0.24±0.63)g/d,HP群体的SGR和AGR均极显著高于SP群体(P<0.01),表明HP群体相对于SP群体有着明显的生长优势。在遗传多样性方面,HP群体的平均等位基因数(Na=7.9)略高于SP群体(Na=7.6)。HP群体和SP群体的平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.63和0.62,均为高度多态。2个群体的平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.492(HP群体)和0.483(SP群体),平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.675(HP群体)和0.663(SP群体),HP群体的H_e和H_o均略高于SP群体,表明HP群体相比SP群体有着更加丰富的遗传多样性。遗传分化分析表明,2个群体间遗传分化指数(F_(st))为0.1556,表明群体间遗传分化水平显著。To breed the Litopenaeus vannamei that could resist low temperature during production cycle, this study investigated the heterosis advantage in breeding program and compareds the growth performance and genetic diversity between two populations under the low temperature conditions. One population, namely the Selected Population （SP）, was bred for three consecutive years in our aquatic laboratory, whereas the other one, the Hybrid Population （HP）, came from the hybridization of the Selected Population and the Introduced Population. The results showed that the growth performance of HP was significantly higher than SP. The average body weight of HP and SP shrimps were （13.18±3.65） g and （12.20±3.14） g respectively, and the coefficient of variation were 27.69% and 25.74%, respectively. The average body weight and other measurable traits in HP were higher than those in SP. The results of One-way ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences （P〈0.001） between HP and SP in both body weight and TASW. The specific growth rate （SGR） and absolute growth rate （AGR） in HP were （5.09±0.61） %/d and （0.26±0.60） g/d, respectively. By comparison, in SP group, the SGR was （4.94±0.57） %/d and the AGR was （0.24±0.63） g/d, significantly lower （P〈0.01） than the HP group. The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the Na of HP （Na=7.9） was slightly higher than SP （Na=7.6）. The average polymorphic information content （PIC） of HP and SP was similar as 0.63 and 0.62, respectively, both belong to the relatively high polymorphism level. The average observed heterozygosity （Ho） of HP and SP was 0.492 and 0.483, respectively, and the expected heterozygosity （He） was 0.675 and 0.663, respectively. Both Ho and He in HP were higher than that in SP, suggesting that HP had higher genetic diversity abundant compared to the SP. The analysis of genetic differentiation indicated that the genetic differentiation was significant between HP and SP, with the g

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 杂交育种 耐低温 生长性能 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q785[生物学—分子生物学]