珠江河口不同类型湿地底栖肉足虫群落的初步研究  

Characterization of Benthic Sarcodina Communities in the Wetlands of Pearl River Estuary

作　　者：叶欣[1] 徐润林[1] YE Xin XU Run-lin(School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275,P. R. China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2017年第4期57-64,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U0633002)

摘　　要：为了积累和丰富河口湿地生态学研究,进而为湿地环境的生物监测和评价提供理论依据,对采自珠江口淇澳岛3种类型湿地(狐尾藻湿地、芦苇湿地和秋茄湿地)的底泥,利用非淹没培养皿法对底栖肉足虫群落进行了分类研究,采用"3级10倍"法对肉足虫进行了定量分析,并按国家标准分析了底泥样品的理化指标;利用统计学软件分析了底栖肉足虫群落多样性指数、底栖肉足虫丰度及其与底泥理化因子间的关系。结果表明,在全部样品中,共检到4纲、6目、54属肉足虫68种;变形目、表壳目和太阳虫目种类占全部种类的绝大部分(87.4%);各种类的功能营养类别显示,淇澳岛不同类型湿地底栖肉足虫的营养类型复杂,以B-食细菌与碎屑者的比例最高(占总数量的42.62%);底栖肉足虫的丰度为0.92×10~4~23.0×10~4个/g,平均丰度的最高值出现在秋茄湿地(7.1×10~4个/g);Margalef多样性指数为0.083~0.639,平均值以狐尾藻湿地最高;各类型湿地底栖肉足虫群落平均丰度间及不同季节间底栖肉足虫群落丰度均无显著差异(P≥0.05)。相关性分析表明,各湿地中底栖肉足虫丰度与底泥理化指标间均无显著相关;比较分析显示,淇澳岛湿地底栖肉足虫群落组成分布更符合Foissner的"生物地理模型(Biogeography model)"。Estuary wetlands are an important habitat type at the sea-land interface. Traditionally,macroinvertebrates have been the focus for research on benthic ecosystems. While there is less research on micro eukaryotes in China,research has shown that protozoans are plentiful and their biomass in benthic habitats is higher than the biomass of zooplankton. In this investigation,sediment samples from three types of wetland（ Myriophyllum wetland,Phragmite wetland and Kandelia wetland） on Qi＇ao Island in the Pearl River estuary were collected to explore the sarcodina community structure in the different wetland types,aiming to promote research on estuary wetland ecology and provide a theoretical foundation for biological monitoring and evaluation of wetland environments. From January 2010 to November 2011,sediments（ 0-5 cm） were collected every two months from sampling sites in each wetland. Samples were thoroughly mixed and divided,one portion for protozoa analysis and the other for analysis of physicochemical parameters： p H,soil organic matter（ SOM）,total nitrogen（ TN）,total phosphorus（ TP）,available phosphorus（ AP） and sediment particle size. The non-flooded petri dish method and the most probable number（ MPN） method were adopted for identification and quantitative analysis of benthic sarcodina. In all samples,a total of 68 sarcodina species belonging to 4 classes,6 orders and 54 genera were observed,with absolute dominance by Amoebina,Arcellinida and Heliozoa species（ 87. 4% of the total species）. The trophic types of benthic sarcodina in the wetlands were complex in terms of functionality,with the highest proportion（ 42. 62% of the total species） belonging to the bacterivores-detritivores group（ Group B）. The abundance of the benthic sarcodina communities ranged from 0. 92 ×10^4 ind/g to 23. 0 ×10^4 ind/g and the highest average abundance occurred in the Kandelia wetland（ 7. 1 ×10^4 ind/g）. The Margalef index of the benthic sarcodina communities ranged from 0. 083 to

关 键 词：底栖原生动物 肉足虫 湿地类型 珠江口 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学]