小鼠骨折及不同治疗方式模型的研究进展  

Research progress on bone fracture and different treatments in mouse models

作　　者：赵毅[1] 夏永宁 于铁成[1] ZHAO Yi XIA Yong-Ning YU Tie-Chertg(Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin Univeisity, Changchun 130021, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第一医院,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学白求恩医学部,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《转化医学电子杂志》2017年第6期83-89,共7页E-Journal of Translational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81172183;31470932)

摘　　要：最近,小鼠骨折模型越来越引起研究者的兴趣.这是因为,科研人员可利用转基因技术和胚胎干细胞技术,将小鼠的基因序列利用转基因技术进行重构,研究具体的基因在骨折愈合过程中所起的作用.在当前的小鼠骨折模型中,小鼠的股骨骨折模型是最常用的.在研究普通骨折的愈合时,通过新的三点弯曲的工具造成小鼠的股骨或胫骨骨折,然后再用髓内钉、锁钉或髓内加压螺钉固定骨折的股骨或胫骨.另外,在研究骨折延迟愈合和骨不连时,经常会将小鼠的股骨切断并切开,然后用别针技术、带锁髓内针、锁定钢板或外固定架固定.评估骨折愈合的方法有多种,从传统的放射学、组织学和生物力学发展到了MRI、显微CT、放射性核素显像和特殊分子和基因的检测层面上.小鼠的步态分析是另一种有效的研究方法.总的来说,当今的小鼠骨折模型与时俱进,为我们研究正常和病理性骨折愈合过程中的生理学、生物力学、组织学、分子生物学和遗传学等各方面变化提供一大批可信的、标准化的方案.Recently, mouse fracture models have increasingly attracted interests among researchers, for mouse genes can be inactivated, mutated or specifically expressed using transgenic and embryonic stem cell technology, which provides opportunities to observe the effect of an individual gene in the fracture healing process. Among current mouse fracture models, the mouse femur fracture models were mostly selected. To investigate the mecha- nism of normal fracture healing, the mouse femur or tibia is frac- tured using the new 3-point bending device （closed models） and is fixed with intramedullary pin, locking nail or intramedullary compression screw. In contrast, to investigate the mechanism of delayed healing and non-union formation, the mouse femur is osteotomlzed using an open surgical approach （open models） and is fixed with pin-clip device, interlocking nail, locking plate or external fixator. To evaluate the process of fracture healing, a lot of analytical methods are selectable, ranging from traditional meth- ods such as radiological, histological and biomechanical analyses to MRI, microscopic CT, radionuclide imaging, and detection of specific molecules and genes. Gait analysis is another useful study method. In summary, current mouse femur fracture models provide standardized methods for us to analyze physiology, biomechanics, histology, molecular biology, and genetics aspects of normal frac- ture healing, delayed healing or non-union formation. The opin- ions given in this review might help researchers to perform in vivo bone healing experiments.

关 键 词：动物模型 小鼠骨折模型 骨骼修复 实验鼠 骨折稳定 

分 类 号：R247.1[医药卫生—中医临床基础]