黑水城遗址出土西夏时期染色纸张的分析  

Indigo and Madder Dyed 11th to 13 th-Century Chinese Papers Unearthed at Khara Khoto in Northwestern China

作　　者：李涛 Li Tao

机构地区：[1]马克斯·普朗克人类历史科学研究所,德国耶拿

出　　处：《西夏研究》2017年第3期3-14,共12页Xixia Research

摘　　要：染色纸张的使用曾在西夏时期(1038—1227 AD)一度流行,国内外均有一定的存世量,但相关的化学分析甚少开展。因此,关于染料的使用情况和染色纸张的纤维原料并不十分清楚。本文利用显微激光拉曼光谱和赫兹伯格染色法,对黑水城遗址出土西夏时期的蓝色和红色染色纸张进行了鉴别研究,首次明确了蓝色和红色染料分别为靛蓝和羟基茜草素(含少量茜草素),应来自含靛植物和茜草属植物(如茜草)。根据显色反应与纤维的显微形态特征,判断红色纸张以麻类为纤维原料,蓝色纸张则以树皮类纤维为原料。最后,根据笔者以往对古纸的分析经验,提出纸张加工工艺研究的改进意见。Dyed papers were once widely produced and used during the Tangut period （1038--1227 AD） , and quite a few have survived to the present day. There has been, however, barely any technical investigation into dyed paper specimens to understand their fiber and dye use. This paper presents an an- alytical study on two dyed paper specimens （one in navy blue and the other in ocher red） excavated at Khara Khoto （the Black Water city） , which applied Raman spectroscopy and Herzberg staining method to characterize and identify the dyes and fibers. The results, for the first time, make it clear that the blue and red colors were dyed by indigo and purpurin （with some trace of alizarin）, respectively, which were supposed to be extracted from indigo bearing or Rubia （such as madder） plants. The Herzberg test and morphological features of fibers suggested that the paper dyed red was made probably from hemp or ramie while the blue dyed paper from bast fibers from inner barks of trees. Finally, the author, based on his previous experience with analytical studies on ancient Chinese papers, offered a few suggestions for better understanding the possible filling and sizing treatments applied on papers produced and used in the Tan- gut period.

关 键 词：黑水城 染色纸 拉曼光谱 赫兹伯格染色法 靛蓝 羟基茜草素/茜草素 

分 类 号：K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]