日本过疏化地区的新动向:特征、治理措施及启示  

New Tendency of Depopulated Areas in Japan: Characteristics, Policy Measures and Enlightenment

作　　者：曹瑾[1] 堀口正 焦必方[3] 唐志强[1] Cao Jin Tadashi Horiguchi Jiao Bifang Tang Zhiqiang

机构地区：[1]河西学院复旦-甘肃丝绸之路经济带协同发展研究院 [2]日本大阪市立大学生活科学研究院 [3]复旦大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2017年第7期85-96,共12页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：日本科学振兴会科学基金项目"中国内陸地域の過疎化の現状と要因に関する社会経済学的研究"(编号:15K018848);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"西北地区农村空心化形成机理与治理对策:基于日本经验的研究"阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文以日本宫崎县的深度访谈资料为基础,着重分析2000年以来日本过疏化地区呈现的6个主要特征,即以町村为主向城市蔓延、人口规模分布不均衡、农业劳动力濒临枯竭且高龄化、经营农户数量加速减少、弃耕率逐年上升、町村缺乏支柱产业,并指出日本过疏化地区通过推进六次产业化、建设美丽町村、加大对新务农人员的支持、发展生态有机农业等措施已获良好的治理效果。本文由此得到的启发是,中国应以"内生开发"为主,通过实施"新农人养成计划",发展六次产业,重建与再建农村居民组织,以防过疏化在中国的扩散。Along with the urbanization process, the phenomenon of depopulation has been witnessed. A revitalization support system has been formed by the central government, prefectures and municipalities. This article analyzes six major features found in depopulated areas in Japan since 2000 based on in-depth interviews in Miyazaki Prefecture in Japan. These six features include municipality-based depopulation, an unbalanced population distribution, an ageing agricultural labor force which is on the verge of exhaustion, an accelerating decrease in the number of contracting farmers, an increase in the ratio of abandoned farmland, and a lack of pillar industry in the municipality. It discusses the effect of good governance in depopulated areas by means of promoting industrial integration, building beautiful municipalities, strengthening support to new farmers and developing ecological agriculture. The study suggests focusing on endogenous development to promote industrial integration through the implementation of＂New Farmers Development Plan＂ in China, so as to help rebuild and reconstruct rural residents＇ organizations as well as to prevent diffusion of depopulation.

关 键 词：过疏化 主要特征 治理措施 日本 

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